रथेष्ठा

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৰথেষ্ঠা (Assamese script)
• ᬭᬣᬾᬱ᭄ᬞᬵ (Balinese script)
• রথেষ্ঠা (Bengali script)
• 𑰨𑰞𑰸𑰬𑰿𑰙𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀭𑀣𑁂𑀱𑁆𑀞𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• ရထေၑ္ဌာ (Burmese script)
• રથેષ્ઠા (Gujarati script)
• ਰਥੇਸ਼੍ਠਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌰𑌥𑍇𑌷𑍍𑌠𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦫꦡꦺꦰ꧀ꦜꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂩𑂟𑂵𑂭𑂹𑂘𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ರಥೇಷ್ಠಾ (Kannada script)
• រថេឞ្ឋា (Khmer script)
• ຣເຖຩ຺ຐາ (Lao script)
• രഥേഷ്ഠാ (Malayalam script)
• ᡵᠠᡨᡝᢢᡱᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘨𑘞𑘹𑘬𑘿𑘙𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᠷᠠᠲᠧᢔᢍᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧈𑦾𑧚𑧌𑧠𑦹𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐬𑐠𑐾𑐲𑑂𑐛𑐵 (Newa script)
• ରଥେଷ୍ଠା (Odia script)
• ꢬꢢꢾꢰ꣄ꢝꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆫𑆡𑆼𑆰𑇀𑆜𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖨𑖞𑖸𑖬𑖿𑖙𑖯 (Siddham script)
• රථෙෂ‍්ඨා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩼𑩬𑩔𑪀 𑪙𑩧𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚤𑚚𑚲𑚶𑚕𑚭 (Takri script)
• ரதே²ஷ்ட²ா (Tamil script)
• రథేష్ఠా (Telugu script)
• รเถษฺฐา (Thai script)
• ར་ཐེ་ཥྛཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒩𑒟𑒹𑒭𑓂𑒚𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨫𑨚𑨄𑨯𑩇𑨕𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HratʰayštáHs (“chariot-fighter; a warrior who fights standing on a chariot”), from *Hrátʰay (locative of *Hrátʰas) + *staH- (“to stand”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬙𐬁 (raθaēštā), Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬁 (raθōištā, “warrior”). By surface analysis, रथे (rathe, locative of रथ (ratha, “chariot”)) +‎ स्था (sthā, “to stand”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾɐ.tʰɐjʂ.ʈʰɑ́ː/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ɾɐˈt̪ʰeːʂ.ʈʰɑː/

Noun

रथेष्ठा • (ratheṣṭhā́) stem, m

1. a warrior fighting from a chariot, a chariot-fighter
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.173.05:

     तमु॑ ष्टु॒हीन्द्रं॒ यो ह॒ सत्वा॒ यः शूरो॑ म॒घवा॒ यो र॑थे॒ष्ठाः ।
     प्र॒ती॒चश्चि॒द्योधी॑या॒न्वृष॑ण्वान्वव॒व्रुष॑श्चि॒त्तम॑सो विह॒न्ता ॥

     támu ṣṭuhī́ndraṃ yó ha sátvā yáḥ śū́ro maghávā yó ratheṣṭhā́ḥ.
     pratīcáścidyódhīyānvṛ́ṣaṇvānvavavrúṣaścittámaso vihantā́.

     Praise thou that Indra who is truly mighty, the car-borne Warrior, Maghavan the Hero;
     Stronger in war than those who fight against him, borne by strong steeds, who kills enclosing darkness.

Declension

Masculine ā-stem declension of रथेष्ठा (ratheṣṭhā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रथेष्ठाः ratheṣṭhā́ḥ	रथेष्ठे ratheṣṭhé	रथेष्ठाः ratheṣṭhā́ḥ
Vocative	रथेष्ठे rátheṣṭhe	रथेष्ठे rátheṣṭhe	रथेष्ठाः rátheṣṭhāḥ
Accusative	रथेष्ठाम् ratheṣṭhā́m	रथेष्ठे ratheṣṭhé	रथेष्ठाः ratheṣṭhā́ḥ
Instrumental	रथेष्ठया / रथेष्ठा¹ ratheṣṭháyā / ratheṣṭhā́¹	रथेष्ठाभ्याम् ratheṣṭhā́bhyām	रथेष्ठाभिः ratheṣṭhā́bhiḥ
Dative	रथेष्ठायै ratheṣṭhā́yai	रथेष्ठाभ्याम् ratheṣṭhā́bhyām	रथेष्ठाभ्यः ratheṣṭhā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	रथेष्ठायाः / रथेष्ठायै² ratheṣṭhā́yāḥ / ratheṣṭhā́yai²	रथेष्ठाभ्याम् ratheṣṭhā́bhyām	रथेष्ठाभ्यः ratheṣṭhā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	रथेष्ठायाः / रथेष्ठायै² ratheṣṭhā́yāḥ / ratheṣṭhā́yai²	रथेष्ठयोः ratheṣṭháyoḥ	रथेष्ठानाम् ratheṣṭhā́nām
Locative	रथेष्ठायाम् ratheṣṭhā́yām	रथेष्ठयोः ratheṣṭháyoḥ	रथेष्ठासु ratheṣṭhā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Adjective

रथेष्ठा • (ratheṣṭhā́) stem

1. standing on a chariot, chariot-borne
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.31.2:

     तं पृ॒च्छन्ती॒ वज्र॑हस्तं रथे॒ष्ठाम् इद्रं॒ वेपी॒ वक्व॑री॒ यस्य॒ नू गीः ।
     तु॒वि॒ग्रा॒भं तु॑विकू॒र्मिं र॑भो॒दां गा॒तुम् इ॑षे॒ नक्ष॑ते॒ तुम्र॒म् अच्छ॑ ॥

     táṃ pṛcchántī vájrahastaṃ ratheṣṭhā́m ídraṃ vépī vákvarī yásya nū́ gī́ḥ.
     tuvigrābháṃ tuvikūrmíṃ rabhodā́ṃ gātúm iṣe nákṣate túmram áccha.

     He who for car-borne Indra, armed with thunder, hath a hymn, craving, deeply-piercing, fluent,
     Who sends a song effectual, firmly-grasping, and strength-bestowing, he comes near the mighty.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of रथेष्ठ (ratheṣṭhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रथेष्ठः ratheṣṭháḥ	रथेष्ठौ / रथेष्ठा¹ ratheṣṭhaú / ratheṣṭhā́¹	रथेष्ठाः / रथेष्ठासः¹ ratheṣṭhā́ḥ / ratheṣṭhā́saḥ¹
Vocative	रथेष्ठ rátheṣṭha	रथेष्ठौ / रथेष्ठा¹ rátheṣṭhau / rátheṣṭhā¹	रथेष्ठाः / रथेष्ठासः¹ rátheṣṭhāḥ / rátheṣṭhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	रथेष्ठम् ratheṣṭhám	रथेष्ठौ / रथेष्ठा¹ ratheṣṭhaú / ratheṣṭhā́¹	रथेष्ठान् ratheṣṭhā́n
Instrumental	रथेष्ठेन ratheṣṭhéna	रथेष्ठाभ्याम् ratheṣṭhā́bhyām	रथेष्ठैः / रथेष्ठेभिः¹ ratheṣṭhaíḥ / ratheṣṭhébhiḥ¹
Dative	रथेष्ठाय ratheṣṭhā́ya	रथेष्ठाभ्याम् ratheṣṭhā́bhyām	रथेष्ठेभ्यः ratheṣṭhébhyaḥ
Ablative	रथेष्ठात् ratheṣṭhā́t	रथेष्ठाभ्याम् ratheṣṭhā́bhyām	रथेष्ठेभ्यः ratheṣṭhébhyaḥ
Genitive	रथेष्ठस्य ratheṣṭhásya	रथेष्ठयोः ratheṣṭháyoḥ	रथेष्ठानाम् ratheṣṭhā́nām
Locative	रथेष्ठे ratheṣṭhé	रथेष्ठयोः ratheṣṭháyoḥ	रथेष्ठेषु ratheṣṭhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of रथेष्ठा (ratheṣṭhā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रथेष्ठा ratheṣṭhā́	रथेष्ठे ratheṣṭhé	रथेष्ठाः ratheṣṭhā́ḥ
Vocative	रथेष्ठे rátheṣṭhe	रथेष्ठे rátheṣṭhe	रथेष्ठाः rátheṣṭhāḥ
Accusative	रथेष्ठाम् ratheṣṭhā́m	रथेष्ठे ratheṣṭhé	रथेष्ठाः ratheṣṭhā́ḥ
Instrumental	रथेष्ठया / रथेष्ठा¹ ratheṣṭháyā / ratheṣṭhā́¹	रथेष्ठाभ्याम् ratheṣṭhā́bhyām	रथेष्ठाभिः ratheṣṭhā́bhiḥ
Dative	रथेष्ठायै ratheṣṭhā́yai	रथेष्ठाभ्याम् ratheṣṭhā́bhyām	रथेष्ठाभ्यः ratheṣṭhā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	रथेष्ठायाः / रथेष्ठायै² ratheṣṭhā́yāḥ / ratheṣṭhā́yai²	रथेष्ठाभ्याम् ratheṣṭhā́bhyām	रथेष्ठाभ्यः ratheṣṭhā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	रथेष्ठायाः / रथेष्ठायै² ratheṣṭhā́yāḥ / ratheṣṭhā́yai²	रथेष्ठयोः ratheṣṭháyoḥ	रथेष्ठानाम् ratheṣṭhā́nām
Locative	रथेष्ठायाम् ratheṣṭhā́yām	रथेष्ठयोः ratheṣṭháyoḥ	रथेष्ठासु ratheṣṭhā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of रथेष्ठ (ratheṣṭhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रथेष्ठम् ratheṣṭhám	रथेष्ठे ratheṣṭhé	रथेष्ठानि / रथेष्ठा¹ ratheṣṭhā́ni / ratheṣṭhā́¹
Vocative	रथेष्ठ rátheṣṭha	रथेष्ठे rátheṣṭhe	रथेष्ठानि / रथेष्ठा¹ rátheṣṭhāni / rátheṣṭhā¹
Accusative	रथेष्ठम् ratheṣṭhám	रथेष्ठे ratheṣṭhé	रथेष्ठानि / रथेष्ठा¹ ratheṣṭhā́ni / ratheṣṭhā́¹
Instrumental	रथेष्ठेन ratheṣṭhéna	रथेष्ठाभ्याम् ratheṣṭhā́bhyām	रथेष्ठैः / रथेष्ठेभिः¹ ratheṣṭhaíḥ / ratheṣṭhébhiḥ¹
Dative	रथेष्ठाय ratheṣṭhā́ya	रथेष्ठाभ्याम् ratheṣṭhā́bhyām	रथेष्ठेभ्यः ratheṣṭhébhyaḥ
Ablative	रथेष्ठात् ratheṣṭhā́t	रथेष्ठाभ्याम् ratheṣṭhā́bhyām	रथेष्ठेभ्यः ratheṣṭhébhyaḥ
Genitive	रथेष्ठस्य ratheṣṭhásya	रथेष्ठयोः ratheṣṭháyoḥ	रथेष्ठानाम् ratheṣṭhā́nām
Locative	रथेष्ठे ratheṣṭhé	रथेष्ठयोः ratheṣṭháyoḥ	रथेष्ठेषु ratheṣṭhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “रथेष्ठा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 457.