विना

See also: वन and बिना

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit विना (vínā). Doublet of बिना (binā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʋɪ.nɑː/, [ʋɪ.näː]

Preposition

विना • (vinā) (Urdu spelling وِنَا)

1. (rare, formal) without, lacking

   Synonyms: बग़ैर (baġair), बिना (binā)

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “विना”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱিনা (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬶᬦᬵ (Balinese script)
• বিনা (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰰𑰡𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀺𑀦𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• ဝိနာ (Burmese script)
• વિના (Gujarati script)
• ਵਿਨਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑌿𑌨𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦶꦤꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑂱𑂢𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ವಿನಾ (Kannada script)
• វិនា (Khmer script)
• ວິນາ (Lao script)
• വിനാ (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᡳᠨᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘱𑘡𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠢᠨᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧒𑧁𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐶𑐣𑐵 (Newa script)
• ଵିନା (Odia script)
• ꢮꢶꢥꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆴𑆤𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖰𑖡𑖯 (Siddham script)
• විනා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩑𑩯𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚮𑚝𑚭 (Takri script)
• விநா (Tamil script)
• వినా (Telugu script)
• วินา (Thai script)
• ཝི་ནཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒱𑒢𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨁𑨝𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From वि (ví), plus an uncertain second element which has been theorized to be a fossilized Proto-Indo-European ablative suffix *-neh₁, related to Proto-Germanic *-nē (cf. *-anē, *fanē) and perhaps Latin *-nē in supernē. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋí.nɑː/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈʋi.n̪ɑː/

Postposition

विना • (vínā)

1. without, except [+accusative instrumental ablative]

   त्वां विना न गमिष्यामि।

   tvāṃ vinā na gamiṣyāmi.

   I will not go without you.

Usage notes

The word preceding विना (vinā) is usually inflected in instrumental case. For example, त्वया विना (without you), मया विना (without me), etc. However, at times depending on the context, that word can be inflected in accusative or ablative case too.

Descendants

• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀡𑀸 (viṇā)
  • Old Marathi:

    Devanagari script: विण (viṇa), विन (vina), वीण (vīṇa)

    Modi script: 𑘪𑘲𑘜 (vīṇa), 𑘪𑘲𑘡 (vīna)

    • Marathi: बिन- (bin-)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Takka Apabhramsa:
    • Punjabi:

      Gurmukhi script: ਬਿਨ (bin)

      Shahmukhi script: بِن (bin)

  • Vracada Apabhramsa:
    • Kachchi: વિણ- (viṇa-)
    • Sindhi:

      Arabic script: بِنَا

      Devanagari script: बिना

• Pali: vinā
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀡𑀸 (viṇā)
  • Gurjar Apabhramsa:
    • Old Gujarati:
      • Gujarati: વણ- (vaṇa-)
      • Mewari: वना (vanā)
    • Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
      • Hindustani:

        Hindi: बिना (binā)

        Urdu: بِنَا (binā)

    • Romani: bi

Borrowed terms

• Assamese: বিনা (bina)
• Bengali: বিনা (bina)
• Gujarati: વિના (vinā)
• Hindustani:

  Hindi: विना (vinā)

  Urdu: وِنَا (vinā)

• Kannada: ವಿನಾ (vinā)
• Old Marathi:

  Devanagari script: विना (vinā)

  Modi script: 𑘪𑘲𑘡𑘰 (vīnā)

  • → Marathi: विना (vinā)
• Sinhalese: විනා (winā)
• Telugu: వినా (vinā)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “विना”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 969.
• “वि॑ना” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 498.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “vínā”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 557
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vínā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press