მკჲაფუ
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Laz[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- მჭაფუ (mç̌apu) — Atina, Vizha, Artasheni
- მკიჲაფუ (mǩiyapu), მკიაფუ (mǩiapu), ნკჲაპუ (nǩyap̌u), კჲაფუ (ǩyapu)
Etymology[edit]
Etymologically მ-კჲ-აფ-უ (m-ǩy-ap-u, “the screamer”), from Proto-Kartvelian *ḳi- or *ḳiw- (“to cry, scream”), whence also Laz ო-კი-უ (o-ǩi-u, “to shout”), Mingrelian კიფ-ინ-ი (ḳip-in-i, “to shout”), Georgian კივ-ილ-ი (ḳiv-il-i, “to shriek”).[1][2][3]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
მკჲაფუ • (mǩyapu) (Latin spelling mǩyapu) (Vitse–Arkabi, Khopa, Chkhala)
- jackal
- Synonym: ლიპადრე (lip̌adre)
- ჯოღორიჩქიმიქ მკჲაფუ ძირაში ა შვაჯის ნაკაპამს
- coğoriçkimik mǩyapu żiraşi a şvacis naǩap̌ams
- When my dog sees a jackal, it attacks at once
- 1930 – 1931, Niyazi Ahmet Banoğlu, Stories recorded by Georges Dumézil in Istanbul Adventures:[4]
- არ ორას დომაჭკინდუ დო არ მკიჲაფუშ გზას ქოგელაფხედ.
- ar oras domaç̌ǩindu do ar mǩiyapuş gzas kogelapxed.
- At one point I was tired. I sat down on a jackal's trail.
- არ ორას დომაჭკინდუ დო არ მკიჲაფუშ გზას ქოგელაფხედ.
- 1930 – 1931, Niyazi Ahmet Banoğlu, Stories recorded by Georges Dumézil in Istanbul Of:[5]
- მამულიქ დიკაფე დოჩოდინუშქულე ჰე არ დიკა-თ ჰემსატის მკიაფუ დივუ დო მამულ ოჭკომუ.
- mamulik diǩape doçodinuşkule he ar diǩa-t hemsaťis mǩiapu divu do mamul oç̌ǩomu.
- When the rooster had finished the (other) grains, this last grain became a jackal and ate the rooster.
- მამულიქ დიკაფე დოჩოდინუშქულე ჰე არ დიკა-თ ჰემსატის მკიაფუ დივუ დო მამულ ოჭკომუ.
- 1960 – 1964, Muhsin Erol (a native of Şenköy born in 1940), Stories recorded by Georges Dumézil in Istanbul LVI.50:[6]
- არ ნკჲაპუში გზას ქაგედგითუ.
- ar nǩyap̌uşi gzas kagedgitu.
- He took a jackal's trail.
- არ ნკჲაპუში გზას ქაგედგითუ.
Declension[edit]
Declension of მკჲაფუ (see Laz declension)
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| absolutive | მკჲაფუ | მკჲაფუფე | |
| ergative | მკჲაფუქ | მკჲაფუფექ | |
| dative | მკჲაფუს | მკჲაფუფეს | |
| genitive | მკჲაფუშ(ი) | მკჲაფუფეშ(ი) | |
| directive | მკჲაფუშე | მკჲაფუფეშე | |
| ablative | მკჲაფუშემ | მკჲაფუფეშემ | |
| locative | მკჲაფუს | მკჲაფუფეს | |
| instrumental | მკჲაფუთენ | მკჲაფუფეთენ | |
| Notes: dialects may differ on declension. | |||
Derived terms[edit]
- მკჲაფუ ბურღი (mǩyapu burği)
- მკჲაფუ ქსინი (mǩyapu ksini)
- მკჲაფუ მჭკომუ (mǩyapu mç̌ǩomu)
- მკჲაფუში ხორონი (mǩyapuşi xoroni)
- მკჲაფუში ჭანდა (mǩyapuşi ç̌anda), მკჲაფუ-დუღუნი (mǩyapu-duğuni, “name for the weather when it rains while the sun is shining”, literally “jackal's wedding”)
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Čikobava, Arnold (1938) Č̣anur-megrul-kartuli šedarebiti leksiḳoni [Laz–Megrel–Georgian Comparative Dictionary] (Works; IV) (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, published 2008, page 102
- ^ Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 96
- ^ Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 243
- ^ Dumézil, Georges (1937) Contes lazes (Travaux et mémoires de l'Institut d'ethnologie; 27)[1] (in French), Paris: Institut d'Ethnologie, page 18
- ^ Dumézil, Georges (1937) Contes lazes (Travaux et mémoires de l'Institut d'ethnologie; 27)[2] (in French), Paris: Institut d'Ethnologie, page 57
- ^ Dumézil, Georges (1967) Documents anatoliens sur les langues et les traditions du Caucase IV: Récits lazes en dialecte d'Arhavi (parler de Şenköy)[3] (in French), Paris: Presses universitaires de France, pages 172, 174
Further reading[edit]
- Amse-de Jong, Tine H. (2004) “ǩyapu, mǩyapu, ç̌apu (?)”, in Laz–English Dictionary, Freudenstadt: Kaukasus Verlag, →ISBN, page 51a
- Bucaklişi, İsmail Avcı, Uzunhasanoğlu, Hasan, Aleksiva, Irfan (2007) “mǩyapu”, in Büyük Lazca Sözlük / Didi Lazuri Nenapuna [Great Laz Dictionary] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Chiviyazıları, page 554ab
- The template Template:R:lzz:Kalandia:2007 does not use the parameter(s):
1=მკჲაფუ, კჲაფუ
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Ḳalandia, Tea (2007) Buba Ḳudava, editor, 2000 lazuri siṭq̇va: saleksiḳono masala [2000 Laz words: dictionary material] (Ḳolxuri seria; 1), Tbilisi: Artanuji, →ISBN, page 44 - Kojima, Gôichi (2012–) “mkyʼapu”, in Temel Lazca-Türkçe Sözlük Taslağı[4] (in Turkish)
- Marr, N. (1910) “კჲაფუ”, in Грамматика чанского (лазского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем [Grammar of the Chan (Laz) Language with a Reader and a Dictionary] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 2) (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 156a
- Tandilava, Ali (2013) “მკჲაფუ”, in Merab Čuxua, Natela Kutelia, Lile Tandilava, Lali Ezugbaia, editors, Lazuri leksiḳoni [Laz Dictionary][5], online version prepared by Levan Vašaḳiʒe, Tbilisi