ὕδωρ

See also ύδωρ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• οὑδωρ (Boeotian)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ (genitive *wednós (“of water”)), from Proto-Indo-European root *wed- (whence also ὕω (hýō, “to water, to let rain, to rain”)). Cognates include Latin unda, Sanskrit उदन् (udán), Hittite 𒉿𒀀𒋻 (wa-a-tar), Old Armenian գետ (get, “river”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 (watō), Old Church Slavonic вода (voda) and Old English wæter (English water).

Pronunciation

• (5th BC Attic): IPA: /hýdɔ͜ɔr/

• (1st BC Egyptian): IPA: /hýdoːr/

• (4th AD Koine): IPA: /ýðor/

• (10th AD Byzantine): IPA: /ýðor/

• (15th AD Constantinopolitan): IPA: /íðoɾ/

Noun

ὕδωρ (genitive ὕδατος) n, third declension; (hudōr)

1. water
2. rainwater, rain
3. sweat
4. time (from the waterclocks of Greek legal systems)

Inflection

Third declension of ὕδωρ, ὕδᾰτος

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ὕδωρ	τὼ ὕδᾰτε	τὰ ὕδᾰτᾰ
Genitive	τοῦ ὕδᾰτος	τοῖν ὑδάτοιν	τῶν ὑδάτων
Dative	τῷ ὕδᾰτῐ	τοῖν ὑδάτοιν	τοῖς ὕδᾰσῐ(ν)
Accusative	τὸ ὕδωρ	τὼ ὕδᾰτε	τὰ ὕδᾰτᾰ
Vocative	ὕδωρ	ὕδᾰτε	ὕδᾰτᾰ

Derived terms

• ὑδάτινος (watery)
• ὑδατολογία (hydatology — science of water)
• ὕδρα (hydra)
• ὑδρατμός (water vapor)
• ὑδραυλικός (hydraulic)
• ὑδρογόνον (hydrogen)
• ὑδρογραφία (hydrography)
• ὑδρολογία (hydrology)
• ὑδροφοβία (hydrophobia)
• ὑδροχόη (water pitcher)

Related terms

• ὕω

Descendants

• English: hydro-
• Greek: ύδωρ

References

• ὕδωρ in A Greek-English Lexicon by Liddell & Scott, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1940
• BDAG
• Strong’s concordance number: G5204