-CHĮĮD

Navajo

Etymology 1

The noun áháchįʼ (“anger”) derives from the contraction of the neuter imperfective verb hachįʼ (“it is nasty”) and the postposition á (“for someone”).

The momentaneous perfective stem of this root is either -chįįd or -chįʼ.

Root

-CHĮĮD

1. to be nasty, be ugly

Theme	Category	Bases	Causative-transitive bases (ho + ł)
ho + ∅	?	things are nasty, ugly bizáhóóchįįd hachįįh (MOM)   náháłchįįh (ITER) hachįʼ (NEUT) bizáhóchįʼ	S causes things to be nasty, ugly — hałchįįh ↳ halchįįh (+d refl.)

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-chįįh	-chįįd / -chįʼ	-chįįł	-chįįh	-chįįh
NEUT	-chįʼ	-chįʼ	-	-	-

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to be nasty, ugly:

• -CHʼĮ́ĮDII
• -ʼIH
• -MĄʼII

to be ruined:

• -CHXǪʼ

 

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -CHĮĮD (nasty)

Etymology 2

Compare Carrier -tsin (“to be weak”).

This root is attested only in the durative aspect.

Root

-CHĮĮD

1. to be hopeless, be despairing

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
∅	?	S is hopeless, critical (doo) bichįįh (da) (only negative)
da	?	S is wounded mortally tídááchįįd

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
DUR	-chįįh	-chįįd	-chįįł	-chįįh	-chįįh

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -CHĮĮD (hopeless)