-htia

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See also: -htiä

Finnish

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Etymology

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-h- +‎ -taa +‎ -ia; the -h- is re-extracted from words ending in *-eh (modern -e < *-ëh).[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /-htiɑˣ/, [-ht̪iɑ̝(ʔ)]

Suffix

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-htia (front vowel harmony variant -htiä, stem -hti-, linguistic notation -hti- or -htiA)

  1. Forms mostly frequentative verbs.

Conjugation

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Inflection of -htia (Kotus type 61*F/sallia, t-d gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. -hdin en -hdi 1st sing. olen -htinut en ole -htinut
2nd sing. -hdit et -hdi 2nd sing. olet -htinut et ole -htinut
3rd sing. -htii ei -hdi 3rd sing. on -htinut ei ole -htinut
1st plur. -hdimme emme -hdi 1st plur. olemme -htineet emme ole -htineet
2nd plur. -hditte ette -hdi 2nd plur. olette -htineet ette ole -htineet
3rd plur. -htivat eivät -hdi 3rd plur. ovat -htineet eivät ole -htineet
passive -hditaan ei -hdita passive on -hdittu ei ole -hdittu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. -hdin en -htinut 1st sing. olin -htinut en ollut -htinut
2nd sing. -hdit et -htinut 2nd sing. olit -htinut et ollut -htinut
3rd sing. -hti ei -htinut 3rd sing. oli -htinut ei ollut -htinut
1st plur. -hdimme emme -htineet 1st plur. olimme -htineet emme olleet -htineet
2nd plur. -hditte ette -htineet 2nd plur. olitte -htineet ette olleet -htineet
3rd plur. -htivat eivät -htineet 3rd plur. olivat -htineet eivät olleet -htineet
passive -hdittiin ei -hdittu passive oli -hdittu ei ollut -hdittu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. -htisin en -htisi 1st sing. olisin -htinut en olisi -htinut
2nd sing. -htisit et -htisi 2nd sing. olisit -htinut et olisi -htinut
3rd sing. -htisi ei -htisi 3rd sing. olisi -htinut ei olisi -htinut
1st plur. -htisimme emme -htisi 1st plur. olisimme -htineet emme olisi -htineet
2nd plur. -htisitte ette -htisi 2nd plur. olisitte -htineet ette olisi -htineet
3rd plur. -htisivat eivät -htisi 3rd plur. olisivat -htineet eivät olisi -htineet
passive -hdittaisiin ei -hdittaisi passive olisi -hdittu ei olisi -hdittu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. 1st sing.
2nd sing. -hdi älä -hdi 2nd sing.
3rd sing. -htikoon älköön -htiko 3rd sing. olkoon -htinut älköön olko -htinut
1st plur. -htikaamme älkäämme -htiko 1st plur.
2nd plur. -htikaa älkää -htiko 2nd plur.
3rd plur. -htikoot älkööt -htiko 3rd plur. olkoot -htineet älkööt olko -htineet
passive -hdittakoon älköön -hdittako passive olkoon -hdittu älköön olko -hdittu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. -htinen en -htine 1st sing. lienen -htinut en liene -htinut
2nd sing. -htinet et -htine 2nd sing. lienet -htinut et liene -htinut
3rd sing. -htinee ei -htine 3rd sing. lienee -htinut ei liene -htinut
1st plur. -htinemme emme -htine 1st plur. lienemme -htineet emme liene -htineet
2nd plur. -htinette ette -htine 2nd plur. lienette -htineet ette liene -htineet
3rd plur. -htinevat eivät -htine 3rd plur. lienevät -htineet eivät liene -htineet
passive -hdittaneen ei -hdittane passive lienee -hdittu ei liene -hdittu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st -htia present -htiva -hdittava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st -htiakseni -htiaksemme
2nd -htiaksesi -htiaksenne
3rd -htiakseen
-htiaksensa
past -htinut -hdittu
2nd inessive2 -htiessa -hdittaessa agent4 -htima
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st -htiessani -htiessamme
2nd -htiessasi -htiessanne
3rd -htiessaan
-htiessansa
negative -htimaton
instructive -htien
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd inessive -htimassa
elative -htimasta
illative -htimaan
adessive -htimalla
abessive -htimatta
instructive -htiman -hdittaman
4th3 verbal noun -htiminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st -htimaisillani -htimaisillamme
2nd -htimaisillasi -htimaisillanne
3rd -htimaisillaan
-htimaisillansa

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.

Anagrams

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