Proto-Celtic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥dʰ-é-ti, from *keldʰh₁- + *-éti, a tudati present from the reanalyzed *kelh₂- (“to hit, break”) + *-dʰh₁eti.
*kladeti[1][2]
- to stab, dig
Inflection[edit]
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*kladū
|
*klademam
|
*kikladsū
|
*keklāda
|
| 2nd singular
|
*kladesi
|
*kladetās
|
*kikladsesi
|
*keklādas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*kladeti
|
*kladeto
|
*kikladseti
|
*keklāde
|
| 1st plural
|
*kladomosi
|
*klademo
|
*kikladsomosi
|
*keklādmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*kladetesi
|
*kladestē
|
*kikladsetesi
|
*keklāsse
|
| 3rd plural
|
*kladonti
|
*kladento
|
*kikladsonti
|
*keklādar
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*klādsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*klādsesi
|
?
|
*klade
|
| 3rd singular
|
*klādseti
|
?
|
*kladetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*klādsomosi
|
?
|
*kladomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*klādsetesi
|
?
|
*kladete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*klādsonti
|
?
|
*kladontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*kladūr
|
—
|
*kikladsūr
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*kladetar
|
—
|
*kikladsetar
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*kladetor
|
?
|
*kikladsetor
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*kladommor
|
—
|
*kikladsommor
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*kladedwe
|
—
|
*kikladsedwe
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*kladontor
|
?
|
*kikladsontor
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*klādsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*klādsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*klādsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*klādsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*klādsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*klādsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*klassos
|
*klassou
|
*klassoi
|
| vocative
|
*klasse
|
*klassou
|
*klassoi
|
| accusative
|
*klassom
|
*klassou
|
*klassoms
|
| genitive
|
*klassī
|
*klassous
|
*klassom
|
| dative
|
*klassūi
|
*klassobom
|
*klassobos
|
| instrumental
|
*klassū
|
*klassobim
|
*klassobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*klassā
|
*klassai
|
*klassās
|
| vocative
|
*klassā
|
*klassai
|
*klassās
|
| accusative
|
*klassam
|
*klassai
|
*klassams
|
| genitive
|
*klassās
|
*klassous
|
*klassom
|
| dative
|
*klassai
|
*klassābom
|
*klassābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*klassābim
|
*klassābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*klassom
|
*klassou
|
*klassā
|
| vocative
|
*klassom
|
*klassou
|
*klassā
|
| accusative
|
*klassom
|
*klassou
|
*klassā
|
| genitive
|
*klassī
|
*klassous
|
*klassom
|
| dative
|
*klassūi
|
*klassobom
|
*klassobos
|
| instrumental
|
*klassū
|
*klassobim
|
*klassobis
|
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 71-72
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 205
