Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grundijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *grunduz (“ground”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣrun.di.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*grundijaną

1. To bring down to the ground
2. To establish, to lay the foundations of
3. To research, to explore

Inflection

Conjugation of *grundijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*grundijō	*grundijaų	—	*grundijai	?
2nd singular	*grundīsi	*grundijais	*grundī	*grundijasai	*grundijaisau
3rd singular	*grundīþi	*grundijai	*grundijaþau	*grundijaþai	*grundijaiþau
1st dual	*grundijōs	*grundijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*grundijaþiz	*grundijaiþiz	*grundijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*grundijamaz	*grundijaim	—	*grundijanþai	*grundijainþau
2nd plural	*grundīþ	*grundijaiþ	*grundīþ	*grundijanþai	*grundijainþau
3rd plural	*grundijanþi	*grundijain	*grundijanþau	*grundijanþai	*grundijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*grundidǭ	*grundidēdį̄
2nd singular	*grundidēz	*grundidēdīz
3rd singular	*grundidē	*grundidēdī
1st dual	*grundidēdū	*grundidēdīw
2nd dual	*grundidēdudiz	*grundidēdīdiz
1st plural	*grundidēdum	*grundidēdīm
2nd plural	*grundidēdud	*grundidēdīd
3rd plural	*grundidēdun	*grundidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*grundijandz	*grundidaz

Related terms

• *grundōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *grundijan
  • Old English: gryndan
    • Middle English: grinden
  • Old Saxon: grundian
    • Middle Low German: gründen
  • Old High German: grunten
    • Middle High German: gründen
      • German: gründen
• Old Norse: grynna (< Verner alternation *grunþijaną)
  • Icelandic: grynna
  • Norwegian:

    Norwegian Nynorsk: grynne, grynna

  • Swedish: grynna