Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grunnatjaną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From *grunnōną +‎ *-atjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to thunder”)[1] or *gʰrun- (“to shout”),[2] both likely imitative.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣrun.nɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb[edit]

*grunnatjaną

  1. To grunt.

Inflection[edit]

Conjugation of *grunnatjaną (weak class 1 j-present)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *grunnatjō *grunnatjaų — *grunnatjai ?
2nd singular *grunnatisi *grunnatjais *grunnati *grunnatjasai *grunnatjaisau
3rd singular *grunnatiþi *grunnatjai *grunnatjaþau *grunnatjaþai *grunnatjaiþau
1st dual *grunnatjōs *grunnatjaiw — — —
2nd dual *grunnatjaþiz *grunnatjaiþiz *grunnatjaþiz — —
1st plural *grunnatjamaz *grunnatjaim — *grunnatjanþai *grunnatjainþau
2nd plural *grunnatiþ *grunnatjaiþ *grunnatiþ *grunnatjanþai *grunnatjainþau
3rd plural *grunnatjanþi *grunnatjain *grunnatjanþau *grunnatjanþai *grunnatjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *grunnastǭ *grunnastēdį̄
2nd singular *grunnastēz *grunnastēdīz
3rd singular *grunnastē *grunnastēdī
1st dual *grunnastēdū *grunnastēdīw
2nd dual *grunnastēdudiz *grunnastēdīdiz
1st plural *grunnastēdum *grunnastēdīm
2nd plural *grunnastēdud *grunnastēdīd
3rd plural *grunnastēdun *grunnastēdīn
present past
participles *grunnatjandz *grunnatidaz

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 1126, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1126
  2. ^ Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 773
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