Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/jahw

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *ja +‎ *-hw.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɑxʷ/

Conjunction

*jahw

1. and, also

Descendants

• Old English: ġe
  • Middle English: gea, ȝe, ye, ȝa, ȝi
• Old Saxon: ja, gia, gi, ge; jak
• Old Dutch: joh
• Old High German: ja; ioh (“joch”)
  • Middle High German: joch
    • German: joch (obsolete or dialectal)
• Early Old Norse: *jah (Runic form dubious)
  • → Southern Sami: jah
  • → Ume Sami: jah
• Gothic: 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah)
• Vandalic: ia
• → Proto-Finnic: *ja (see there for further descendants)

References

• Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN