Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gorďaninъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *gȏrdъ (“fortified settlement”) +‎ *-janinъ.

Modern descendants have become semantic loans of French bourgeois, German Großbürger, English citizen - a meaning that is attested after the Renaissance.

Noun

*gȏrďaninъ m

1. townsman, burgher (resident of a fortified settlement: town, fortress, guard)

Declension

Accent paradigm c.

Declension of *gorďaninъ (hard o-stem, consonant stem)

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*gorďaninъ	*gorďanina	*gorďane
Accusative	*gorďaninъ	*gorďanina	*gorďany?
Genitive	*gorďaninа	*gorďaninu	*gorďanъ
Locative	*gorďanině	*gorďaninu	*gorďanьxъ
Dative	*gorďaninu	*gorďaninoma	*gorďanьmъ
Instrumental	*gorďaninomь	*gorďaninoma	*gorďany?
Vocative	*gorďanine	*gorďanina	*gorďane

Related terms

• *gorďanъ
  • *gorďanьstvo (“town-dwelling”)
• *gordьčaninъ
  • Belarusian: гарадча́нін (haradčánin), гараджа́нін (haradžánin)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: горожанинъ (gorožaninŭ)
    • Russian: горожа́нин (gorožánin)
    • Ukrainian: горожа́нин (horožányn)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: гражданинъ (graždaninŭ)
    • Bulgarian: гра́жданин (gráždanin)
    • → Russian: граждани́н (graždanín)
  • Macedonian: граѓанин (graǵanin)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: гра̏ђанин

    Latin: grȁđanin

• West Slavic:
  • Polish: grodzianin (“castle dweller”)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гражданин”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “горожанин”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gordjan(in)ъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 36
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гражданин”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 272