Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kuditi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kowdéyeti, causative/iterative from the root *kewd-, or derived from *kudъ, *kudь, *kudo (“sorcery? evil spirit?”), from the same root. Cognate with Ancient Greek κυδάζω (kudázō, “to jeer at”), Old Norse hóta (“to threaten”), English hoot, Old High German hosc (“scorn, mockery”), Middle High German hiuzen (“to become impudent”), Sanskrit कुत्सयति (kutsáyati, “to scold”).

Verb

*kùditi impf

1. to prosecute

   Synonym: *goniti

2. to accuse, to reproach, to slander

   Synonyms: *xuliti, *koriti

Conjugation

Conjugation of *kuditi, *kudi, *kuditь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kuďenьje	*kuditi	*kuditъ	*kudilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kuďenъ	*kudimъ
Active	*kuďь	*kudę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kudixъ	*kudi	*kudi	*kuďǫ	*kudiši	*kuditь
Dual	*kudixově	*kudista	*kudiste	*kudivě	*kudita	*kudite
Plural	*kudixomъ	*kudiste	*kudišę	*kudimъ	*kudite	*kudętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kuďaaxъ	*kuďaaše	*kuďaaše	—	*kudi	*kudi
Dual	*kuďaaxově	*kuďaašeta	*kuďaašete	*kudivě	*kudita	—
Plural	*kuďaaxomъ	*kuďaašete	*kuďaaxǫ	*kudimъ	*kudite	—

Notes:
• (*)*kudivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Intensive stem: *kuďati

Derived terms

• *jьzkuditi
• *nakuditi
• *prokuditi, *perkuditi
• *kuditeľь (“accuser, persecutor”)
• *kudьba (“blasphemy”)

Related terms

• *čudo (“miracle”)
  • *čuditi (“to marvel, to be surprised”)
• *kudo (“sorcery? evil spirit?”)
• *kudъ, *kudь (“sorcery? evil spirit?”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: кꙋдити (kuditi)
    • Russian: ку́дить (kúditʹ) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: коудити (kuditi)
  • Bulgarian: ку́дя (kúdja) (dialectal, poetic)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: проку́дя (prokúdja)
  • Macedonian: куди (kudi)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ку̏дити

    Latin script: kȕditi

  • Slovene: kúditi (tonal orthography) (obsolete)
• West Slavic:
  • ⇒ Polish: przekudzić (dialectal)
  • Slovak: kudiť (Jungmann's and Kott's dictionaries; archaic or dialectal)

References

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “-куди́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kuditi”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 82
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кудя¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 77