Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sěvati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Limited to South Slavic, formed as *sijati (“to shine, to illuminate”) +‎ *-vati, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shine”).

Verb

*sěvàti impf

1. to irradiate, to glimmer, to emit light

Inflection

Conjugation of *sěvati, *sěva, *sěvajetь (impf., intr., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*sěvanьje	*sěvati	*sěvatъ	*sěvalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*sěvavъ	*sěvaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sěvaxъ	*sěva	*sěva	*sěvajǫ	*sěvaješi	*sěvajetь
Dual	*sěvaxově	*sěvasta	*sěvaste	*sěvajevě	*sěvajeta	*sěvajete
Plural	*sěvaxomъ	*sěvaste	*sěvašę	*sěvajemъ	*sěvajete	*sěvajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sěvaaxъ	*sěvaaše	*sěvaaše	—	*sěvaji	*sěvaji
Dual	*sěvaaxově	*sěvaašeta	*sěvaašete	*sěvajivě	*sěvajita	—
Plural	*sěvaaxomъ	*sěvaašete	*sěvaaxǫ	*sěvajimъ	*sěvajite	—

Descendants

• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: ся́вам (sjávam, “to glimmer, to blink”)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: ося́вам (osjávam, “to enlighten”) (+ о- (o-))
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: се́вати

    Latin script: sévati

  • Slovene: sẹ́vati

Further reading

• Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “сявам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 718

Etymology 2

Indirectly attested in derivatives, formed as *sěti (“to sow”) +‎ *-vati, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow, to plant”).

Verb

*sěvati impf

1. to plant, to sow (intensive)

Inflection

Conjugation of *sěvati, *sěva, *sěvajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*sěvanьje	*sěvati	*sěvatъ	*sěvalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*sěvanъ	*sěvajemъ
Active	*sěvavъ	*sěvaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sěvaxъ	*sěva	*sěva	*sěvajǫ	*sěvaješi	*sěvajetь
Dual	*sěvaxově	*sěvasta	*sěvaste	*sěvajevě	*sěvajeta	*sěvajete
Plural	*sěvaxomъ	*sěvaste	*sěvašę	*sěvajemъ	*sěvajete	*sěvajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sěvaaxъ	*sěvaaše	*sěvaaše	—	*sěvaji	*sěvaji
Dual	*sěvaaxově	*sěvaašeta	*sěvaašete	*sěvajivě	*sěvajita	—
Plural	*sěvaaxomъ	*sěvaašete	*sěvaaxǫ	*sěvajimъ	*sěvajite	—

Derived terms

• *sěvъ, *posěvъ, *zasěvъ (“crops, sowing”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: -сева́ть (-sevátʹ)
    • ⇒ Russian: се́в (sév), засева́ть (zasevátʹ), обсева́ть (obsevátʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: -ся́вам (-sjávam)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: зася́вам (zasjávam), насявам (nasjavam), разсявам (razsjavam), посявам (posjavam), всявам (vsjavam)
  • Macedonian: -сeва (-seva)
    • ⇒ Macedonian: засева (zaseva), насева (naseva), посева (poseva), всева (vseva)
  • Slovene: zasẹ́vati, vsẹ́vati

Further reading

• Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “сeя¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 628

Etymology 3

Indirectly attested in derivatives, formed as *sěti (“to sieve”) +‎ *-vati, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁y- (“to sieve”).

Verb

*sěvati impf

1. to sieve (intensive)
2. to strain (intensive)

Inflection

Conjugation of *sěvati, *sěva, *sěvajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*sěvanьje	*sěvati	*sěvatъ	*sěvalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*sěvanъ	*sěvajemъ
Active	*sěvavъ	*sěvaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sěvaxъ	*sěva	*sěva	*sěvajǫ	*sěvaješi	*sěvajetь
Dual	*sěvaxově	*sěvasta	*sěvaste	*sěvajevě	*sěvajeta	*sěvajete
Plural	*sěvaxomъ	*sěvaste	*sěvašę	*sěvajemъ	*sěvajete	*sěvajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sěvaaxъ	*sěvaaše	*sěvaaše	—	*sěvaji	*sěvaji
Dual	*sěvaaxově	*sěvaašeta	*sěvaašete	*sěvajivě	*sěvajita	—
Plural	*sěvaaxomъ	*sěvaašete	*sěvaaxǫ	*sěvajimъ	*sěvajite	—

Derived terms

• *persěvъka (“screening, sieving”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: -сева́ть (-sevátʹ)
    • ⇒ Russian: отсева́ть (otsevátʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: -ся́вам (-sjávam)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: пресявам (presjavam), отсявам (otsjavam)
  • Macedonian: -сeва (-seva)
    • ⇒ Macedonian: пресева (preseva), отсева (otseva)