Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/siňь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

• *sinъ

Etymology

Akin to *sinica (“titmouse”). According to some, the stem *sin- is also found in *prosinьcь (“December”), due to the darkness of December nights.

Further, the stem *sin- has been connected with the verb *sijati (“to shine”) and the adjective *sivъ (“gray”), with *sinъ reflecting Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱHi-nós from *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shimmer”) or *(s)ḱeh₃y- (“to shade”). The yo-stem declension probably has spread from the ancient comparative in Proto-Indo-European *-yós, similar to Proto-Slavic *tęžьkъ (from an earlier *tęgъ(kъ)).

Adjective

*siňь

1. blue, bluish, glaucous
2. gray-blue, gray

   Synonym: *sivъ

Inflection

Accent paradigm b.

Indefinite declension of *siňь (soft)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*siňь	*siňa	*siňe
genitive	*siňa	*siňę̇	*siňa
dative	*siňu	*siňi	*siňu
accusative	*siňь	*siňǫ	*siňe
instrumental	*siňemь	*siňejǫ	*siňemь
locative	*siňi	*siňi	*siňi
vocative	*siňu	*siňe	*siňe
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*siňa	*siňi	*siňi
genitive	*siňu	*siňu	*siňu
dative	*siňema	*siňama	*siňema
accusative	*siňa	*siňi	*siňi
instrumental	*siňema	*siňama	*siňema
locative	*siňu	*siňu	*siňu
vocative	*siňa	*siňi	*siňi
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*siňi	*siňę̇	*siňa
genitive	*siňь	*siňь	*siňь
dative	*siňemъ	*siňamъ	*siňemъ
accusative	*siňę̇	*siňę̇	*siňa
instrumental	*siňi	*siňami	*siňi
locative	*siňixъ	*siňaxъ	*siňixъ
vocative	*siňi	*siňę̇	*siňa

Definite declension of *siňь (soft)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*siňьjь	*siňaja	*siňeje
genitive	*siňajego	*siňę̇ję̇	*siňajego
dative	*siňujemu	*siňiji	*siňujemu
accusative	*siňьjь	*siňǫjǫ	*siňeje
instrumental	*siňijimь	*siňǫjǫ	*siňijimь
locative	*siňijemь	*siňiji	*siňijemь
vocative	*siňьjь	*siňaja	*siňeje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*siňaja	*siňiji	*siňiji
genitive	*siňuju	*siňuju	*siňuju
dative	*siňijima	*siňijima	*siňijima
accusative	*siňaja	*siňiji	*siňiji
instrumental	*siňijima	*siňijima	*siňijima
locative	*siňuju	*siňuju	*siňuju
vocative	*siňaja	*siňiji	*siňiji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*siňiji	*siňę̇ję̇	*siňaja
genitive	*siňьjixъ	*siňьjixъ	*siňьjixъ
dative	*siňijimъ	*siňijimъ	*siňijimъ
accusative	*siňę̇ję̇	*siňę̇ję̇	*siňaja
instrumental	*siňijimi	*siňijimi	*siňijimi
locative	*siňijixъ	*siňijixъ	*siňijixъ
vocative	*siňiji	*siňę̇ję̇	*siňaja

See also

Colors in Proto-Slavic · *mȃsti (layout · text)

*bělъ (of animals) *bronъ	*sivъ, *śěrъ, *śědъ	*čьrnъ, *smaglъ, *smǫglъ (of animals) *vornъ, *galъ
*čьrvenъ, *ryďь, *ruměnъ	*rudъ, *granivъ; *smědъ (of animals) *gnědъ	*žьltъ (of animals) *solvъ; *polvъ
*zelenъ	*zelenъ, *grěnъ
	*polvъ	*siňь; *modrъ
*slivъ	*bagrъ

Derived terms

• *sinica (“titmouse”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: синии (sinii)
    • Old Ruthenian: синїй (sinij), синый (sinyj), сыный (synyj)
      • Belarusian: сі́ні (síni)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: си́нїй (sýnjij), си́ный (sýnŷj)
      • Ukrainian: си́ній (sýnij)
    • Russian: си́ний (sínij)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: син҄ь (sinʹĭ)

    Unspecified script:

  • Bulgarian: син (sin)
  • Macedonian: син (sin), сињ (sinj)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: си̑њӣ

    Latin script: sȋnjī

  • Slovene: sínji, sȋnji (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: siný
  • Polish: siny
  • Slovak: siný

Further reading

• Gluhak, Alemko (1993) “Proto-Slavic/siňь”, in Hrvatski etimološki rječnik [Croatian Etymology Dictionary] (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: August Cesarec, →ISBN, page 548
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “си́ний”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “син²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 655