User:Marcas.oduinn/Published/IrregularVerbs/180324

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There are only eleven[1] irregular verbs in Modern Irish: abair, beir, bí, clois, déan, ith, faigh, feic, tabhair, tar, téigh.

  • One verb (bí) has a distinct indicative present independent stem (tá)
  • One verb (bí) has a distinct indicative present dependent stem (fuil).
  • One verb (bí) has a distinct indicative present habitual (bíonn).
  • Six verbs (abair, bí, déan, faigh, feic, téigh) have distinct indicative past dependent stems, which all take non-preterite preverbal particles (ní instead of níor etc.).
  • Three verbs (abair, deir, tabhair) are broadened in the indicative future and conditional.
  • One verb (faigh) has a dictinct independent form in the indicative future and conditional.
  • Six verbs (bí, clois, faigh, feic, tar, téigh) have past autonomous -thas. The stem is broadened where necessary. All except faigh are lenitied (e.g., bhíothas, but fuarthas).
  • Two verbs (abair, téigh) have distinct verbal noun stems (rá, dul).
  • Summary of irregular stems
    1. abair, deir, dúr (dúirt), déar, rá
    2. beir, rug, béar, breith
    3. bí, tá, fuil, rabh, bei, bhei, bheith
    4. clois, chuala
    5. déan, rinne, dearna
    6. faigh, fuair, gheobh (gheobhaidh)
    7. feic, chonaic, fac
    8. ith, íos-
    9. tabhair, tug, tabhar
    10. tar, tag, tháng (tháinig), tioc, teacht
    11. téigh, té, chua (chuaigh), deach (deachaigh), rach (rachaidh), dul

Irregular declension table[edit]

This table highlights all the irregular stems of the eleven irregular Irish verbs.

oods and tenses [2] abair [3] beir bí clois déan faigh feic ith tabhair tar téigh
Indicative present indep deir [4] tá tug tag té [5]
dep fuil [6] [7]
pres habitual deir tug tag té
past indep dúr [8] rug chuala rinne fuair [9] chonaic [9] thug tháng [10] chua [11]
dep [12] ní dúr ní rabh [13] ní dhearna ní bhfuair [14] ní fhaca ní dheach
past habitual
future indep déar béar bei gheobh [15] [16] íos tabhar tioc rach [16]
dep faigh [16][17]
Conditional indep déar béar bei [18] gheobh [16] íos tabhar tioc rach [16]
dep faigh [16][17]
Subjunctive present deir rabh tug tag té [19]
past deir bei tug tag té
Imperative [20]
Verbal noun [21] rá breith bheith cloisteáil déanamh fáil [22] feiceáil ithe tabhairt teacht dul
Past participle ráite breithe cloiste déanta fáilte feicthe ite tugtha tagtha dulta

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ There are 22 entries in Category:Irish irregular verbs as at 20-Mar-2018, including alternative forms and compounds
  2. ^ Tenses are named and listed as per Wiktionary conjugation templates
  3. ^ The d- forms are immune to lenition, they were previously adeir, adúirt
  4. ^ The analytic form is deir, that is, deir does not take an -eann suffix
  5. ^ Téann is a contraction of téigh + eann > téann
  6. ^ Negative níl is a contraction of ní fhuil
  7. ^ Interrogative an bhfuil tends to be pronounced an fhuil
  8. ^ The analytic form is dúirt
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Only in the autonomous is the stem broadened with -thas
  10. ^ The analytic form is tháinig (slender, unlenited g)
  11. ^ The analytic form is chuaigh (slender)
  12. ^ Quoted with the negative particle to highlight initial mutations
  13. ^ For compound forms, the stem is broadened to rabh-, e.g., rabhthas
  14. ^ Eclipsis rather than lenition
  15. ^ The stem is inherently lenitied
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 No f in declension suffix, e.g., gheobhaidh
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Eclipsis with ní
  18. ^ The analytic form is bheadh
  19. ^ Contraction of téigh + e > té
  20. ^ All imperatives are identical to the radical
  21. ^ The verbal nouns and adjectives (past participles) are given for all verbs
  22. ^ faigh + áil > fáil

See also[edit]


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