amukela

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Cognate with Xhosa -amkela.

Verb

-amukela

1. to hold out the hands to receive
2. to receive, to accept
3. to admit

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukwamukela
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukwamukela	ukungamukeli
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	yamukela	-amukele
Plural	yamukelani	-amukeleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyamukela, ngamukela	engamukelayo, engamukela	ngamukela	angamukeli	engingamukeli	ngingamukeli
2nd singular	uyamukela, wamukela	owamukelayo, owamukela	wamukela	awamukeli	ongamukeli	ungamukeli
1st plural	siyamukela, samukela	esamukelayo, esamukela	samukela	asamukeli	esingamukeli	singamukeli
2nd plural	niyamukela, namukela	enamukelayo, enamukela	namukela	anamukeli	eningamukeli	ningamukeli
Class 1	uyamukela, wamukela	owamukelayo, owamukela	amukela	akamukeli	ongamukeli	engamukeli
Class 2	bayamukela, bamukela	abamukelayo, abamukela	bamukela	abamukeli	abangamukeli	bengamukeli
Class 3	uyamukela, wamukela	owamukelayo, owamukela	wamukela	awamukeli	ongamukeli	ungamukeli
Class 4	iyamukela, yamukela	eyamukelayo, eyamukela	yamukela	ayamukeli	engamukeli	ingamukeli
Class 5	liyamukela, lamukela	elamukelayo, elamukela	lamukela	alamukeli	elingamukeli	lingamukeli
Class 6	ayamukela, amukela	amukelayo, amukela	amukela	awamukeli	angamukeli	engamukeli
Class 7	siyamukela, samukela	esamukelayo, esamukela	samukela	asamukeli	esingamukeli	singamukeli
Class 8	ziyamukela, zamukela	ezamukelayo, ezamukela	zamukela	azamukeli	ezingamukeli	zingamukeli
Class 9	iyamukela, yamukela	eyamukelayo, eyamukela	yamukela	ayamukeli	engamukeli	ingamukeli
Class 10	ziyamukela, zamukela	ezamukelayo, ezamukela	zamukela	azamukeli	ezingamukeli	zingamukeli
Class 11	luyamukela, lwamukela	olwamukelayo, olwamukela	lwamukela	alwamukeli	olungamukeli	lungamukeli
Class 14	buyamukela, bamukela	obamukelayo, obamukela	bamukela	abamukeli	obungamukeli	bungamukeli
Class 15	kuyamukela, kwamukela	okwamukelayo, okwamukela	kwamukela	akwamukeli	okungamukeli	kungamukeli
Class 17	kuyamukela, kwamukela	okwamukelayo, okwamukela	kwamukela	akwamukeli	okungamukeli	kungamukeli
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngamukelile, ngamukelē	engamukelile, engamukelē	ngamukelile, ngamukelē	angamukelanga	engingamukelanga	ngingamukelanga
2nd singular	wamukelile, wamukelē	owamukelile, owamukelē	wamukelile, wamukelē	awamukelanga	ongamukelanga	ungamukelanga
1st plural	samukelile, samukelē	esamukelile, esamukelē	samukelile, samukelē	asamukelanga	esingamukelanga	singamukelanga
2nd plural	namukelile, namukelē	enamukelile, enamukelē	namukelile, namukelē	anamukelanga	eningamukelanga	ningamukelanga
Class 1	wamukelile, wamukelē	owamukelile, owamukelē	amukelile, amukelē	akamukelanga	ongamukelanga	engamukelanga
Class 2	bamukelile, bamukelē	abamukelile, abamukelē	bamukelile, bamukelē	abamukelanga	abangamukelanga	bengamukelanga
Class 3	wamukelile, wamukelē	owamukelile, owamukelē	wamukelile, wamukelē	awamukelanga	ongamukelanga	ungamukelanga
Class 4	yamukelile, yamukelē	eyamukelile, eyamukelē	yamukelile, yamukelē	ayamukelanga	engamukelanga	ingamukelanga
Class 5	lamukelile, lamukelē	elamukelile, elamukelē	lamukelile, lamukelē	alamukelanga	elingamukelanga	lingamukelanga
Class 6	amukelile, amukelē	amukelile, amukelē	amukelile, amukelē	awamukelanga	angamukelanga	engamukelanga
Class 7	samukelile, samukelē	esamukelile, esamukelē	samukelile, samukelē	asamukelanga	esingamukelanga	singamukelanga
Class 8	zamukelile, zamukelē	ezamukelile, ezamukelē	zamukelile, zamukelē	azamukelanga	ezingamukelanga	zingamukelanga
Class 9	yamukelile, yamukelē	eyamukelile, eyamukelē	yamukelile, yamukelē	ayamukelanga	engamukelanga	ingamukelanga
Class 10	zamukelile, zamukelē	ezamukelile, ezamukelē	zamukelile, zamukelē	azamukelanga	ezingamukelanga	zingamukelanga
Class 11	lwamukelile, lwamukelē	olwamukelile, olwamukelē	lwamukelile, lwamukelē	alwamukelanga	olungamukelanga	lungamukelanga
Class 14	bamukelile, bamukelē	obamukelile, obamukelē	bamukelile, bamukelē	abamukelanga	obungamukelanga	bungamukelanga
Class 15	kwamukelile, kwamukelē	okwamukelile, okwamukelē	kwamukelile, kwamukelē	akwamukelanga	okungamukelanga	kungamukelanga
Class 17	kwamukelile, kwamukelē	okwamukelile, okwamukelē	kwamukelile, kwamukelē	akwamukelanga	okungamukelanga	kungamukelanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāmukela	engāmukela	ngāmukela	angamukelanga	engingamukelanga	ngingamukelanga
2nd singular	wāmukela	owāmukela	wāmukela	awamukelanga	ongamukelanga	ungamukelanga
1st plural	sāmukela	esāmukela	sāmukela	asamukelanga	esingamukelanga	singamukelanga
2nd plural	nāmukela	enāmukela	nāmukela	anamukelanga	eningamukelanga	ningamukelanga
Class 1	wāmukela	owāmukela	āmukela	akamukelanga	ongamukelanga	engamukelanga
Class 2	bāmukela	abāmukela	bāmukela	abamukelanga	abangamukelanga	bengamukelanga
Class 3	wāmukela	owāmukela	wāmukela	awamukelanga	ongamukelanga	ungamukelanga
Class 4	yāmukela	eyāmukela	yāmukela	ayamukelanga	engamukelanga	ingamukelanga
Class 5	lāmukela	elāmukela	lāmukela	alamukelanga	elingamukelanga	lingamukelanga
Class 6	āmukela	āmukela	āmukela	awamukelanga	angamukelanga	engamukelanga
Class 7	sāmukela	esāmukela	sāmukela	asamukelanga	esingamukelanga	singamukelanga
Class 8	zāmukela	ezāmukela	zāmukela	azamukelanga	ezingamukelanga	zingamukelanga
Class 9	yāmukela	eyāmukela	yāmukela	ayamukelanga	engamukelanga	ingamukelanga
Class 10	zāmukela	ezāmukela	zāmukela	azamukelanga	ezingamukelanga	zingamukelanga
Class 11	lwāmukela	olwāmukela	lwāmukela	alwamukelanga	olungamukelanga	lungamukelanga
Class 14	bāmukela	obāmukela	bāmukela	abamukelanga	obungamukelanga	bungamukelanga
Class 15	kwāmukela	okwāmukela	kwāmukela	akwamukelanga	okungamukelanga	kungamukelanga
Class 17	kwāmukela	okwāmukela	kwāmukela	akwamukelanga	okungamukelanga	kungamukelanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingamukela	—	ngingamukela	ngingamukele	—	ngingamukele
2nd singular	ungamukela	—	ungamukela	ungamukele	—	ungamukele
1st plural	singamukela	—	singamukela	singamukele	—	singamukele
2nd plural	ningamukela	—	ningamukela	ningamukele	—	ningamukele
Class 1	angamukela	—	engamukela	angamukele	—	engamukele
Class 2	bangamukela	—	bengamukela	bangamukele	—	bengamukele
Class 3	ungamukela	—	ungamukela	ungamukele	—	ungamukele
Class 4	ingamukela	—	ingamukela	ingamukele	—	ingamukele
Class 5	lingamukela	—	lingamukela	lingamukele	—	lingamukele
Class 6	angamukela	—	engamukela	angamukele	—	engamukele
Class 7	singamukela	—	singamukela	singamukele	—	singamukele
Class 8	zingamukela	—	zingamukela	zingamukele	—	zingamukele
Class 9	ingamukela	—	ingamukela	ingamukele	—	ingamukele
Class 10	zingamukela	—	zingamukela	zingamukele	—	zingamukele
Class 11	lungamukela	—	lungamukela	lungamukele	—	lungamukele
Class 14	bungamukela	—	bungamukela	bungamukele	—	bungamukele
Class 15	kungamukela	—	kungamukela	kungamukele	—	kungamukele
Class 17	kungamukela	—	kungamukela	kungamukele	—	kungamukele
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokwamukela	engizokwamukela	ngizokwamukela	angizukwamukela	engingezukwamukela	ngingezukwamukela
2nd singular	uzokwamukela	ozokwamukela	uzokwamukela	awuzukwamukela	ongezukwamukela	ungezukwamukela
1st plural	sizokwamukela	esizokwamukela	sizokwamukela	asizukwamukela	esingezukwamukela	singezukwamukela
2nd plural	nizokwamukela	enizokwamukela	nizokwamukela	anizukwamukela	eningezukwamukela	ningezukwamukela
Class 1	uzokwamukela	ozokwamukela	ezokwamukela	akazukwamukela	ongezukwamukela	engezukwamukela
Class 2	bazokwamukela	abazokwamukela	bezokwamukela	abazukwamukela	abangezukwamukela	bengezukwamukela
Class 3	uzokwamukela	ozokwamukela	uzokwamukela	awuzukwamukela	ongezukwamukela	ungezukwamukela
Class 4	izokwamukela	ezokwamukela	izokwamukela	ayizukwamukela	engezukwamukela	ingezukwamukela
Class 5	lizokwamukela	elizokwamukela	lizokwamukela	alizukwamukela	elingezukwamukela	lingezukwamukela
Class 6	azokwamukela	azokwamukela	ezokwamukela	awazukwamukela	angezukwamukela	engezukwamukela
Class 7	sizokwamukela	esizokwamukela	sizokwamukela	asizukwamukela	esingezukwamukela	singezukwamukela
Class 8	zizokwamukela	ezizokwamukela	zizokwamukela	azizukwamukela	ezingezukwamukela	zingezukwamukela
Class 9	izokwamukela	ezokwamukela	izokwamukela	ayizukwamukela	engezukwamukela	ingezukwamukela
Class 10	zizokwamukela	ezizokwamukela	zizokwamukela	azizukwamukela	ezingezukwamukela	zingezukwamukela
Class 11	luzokwamukela	oluzokwamukela	luzokwamukela	aluzukwamukela	olungezukwamukela	lungezukwamukela
Class 14	buzokwamukela	obuzokwamukela	buzokwamukela	abuzukwamukela	obungezukwamukela	bungezukwamukela
Class 15	kuzokwamukela	okuzokwamukela	kuzokwamukela	akuzukwamukela	okungezukwamukela	kungezukwamukela
Class 17	kuzokwamukela	okuzokwamukela	kuzokwamukela	akuzukwamukela	okungezukwamukela	kungezukwamukela
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokwamukela	engiyokwamukela	ngiyokwamukela	angiyukwamukela	engingeyukwamukela	ngingeyukwamukela
2nd singular	uyokwamukela	oyokwamukela	uyokwamukela	awuyukwamukela	ongeyukwamukela	ungeyukwamukela
1st plural	siyokwamukela	esiyokwamukela	siyokwamukela	asiyukwamukela	esingeyukwamukela	singeyukwamukela
2nd plural	niyokwamukela	eniyokwamukela	niyokwamukela	aniyukwamukela	eningeyukwamukela	ningeyukwamukela
Class 1	uyokwamukela	oyokwamukela	eyokwamukela	akayukwamukela	ongeyukwamukela	engeyukwamukela
Class 2	bayokwamukela	abayokwamukela	beyokwamukela	abayukwamukela	abangeyukwamukela	bengeyukwamukela
Class 3	uyokwamukela	oyokwamukela	uyokwamukela	awuyukwamukela	ongeyukwamukela	ungeyukwamukela
Class 4	iyokwamukela	eyokwamukela	iyokwamukela	ayiyukwamukela	engeyukwamukela	ingeyukwamukela
Class 5	liyokwamukela	eliyokwamukela	liyokwamukela	aliyukwamukela	elingeyukwamukela	lingeyukwamukela
Class 6	ayokwamukela	ayokwamukela	eyokwamukela	awayukwamukela	angeyukwamukela	engeyukwamukela
Class 7	siyokwamukela	esiyokwamukela	siyokwamukela	asiyukwamukela	esingeyukwamukela	singeyukwamukela
Class 8	ziyokwamukela	eziyokwamukela	ziyokwamukela	aziyukwamukela	ezingeyukwamukela	zingeyukwamukela
Class 9	iyokwamukela	eyokwamukela	iyokwamukela	ayiyukwamukela	engeyukwamukela	ingeyukwamukela
Class 10	ziyokwamukela	eziyokwamukela	ziyokwamukela	aziyukwamukela	ezingeyukwamukela	zingeyukwamukela
Class 11	luyokwamukela	oluyokwamukela	luyokwamukela	aluyukwamukela	olungeyukwamukela	lungeyukwamukela
Class 14	buyokwamukela	obuyokwamukela	buyokwamukela	abuyukwamukela	obungeyukwamukela	bungeyukwamukela
Class 15	kuyokwamukela	okuyokwamukela	kuyokwamukela	akuyukwamukela	okungeyukwamukela	kungeyukwamukela
Class 17	kuyokwamukela	okuyokwamukela	kuyokwamukela	akuyukwamukela	okungeyukwamukela	kungeyukwamukela
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngamukele	ngingamukeli
2nd singular	wamukele	ungamukeli
1st plural	samukele	singamukeli
2nd plural	namukele	ningamukeli
Class 1	amukele	angamukeli
Class 2	bamukele	bangamukeli
Class 3	wamukele	ungamukeli
Class 4	yamukele	ingamukeli
Class 5	lamukele	lingamukeli
Class 6	amukele	angamukeli
Class 7	samukele	singamukeli
Class 8	zamukele	zingamukeli
Class 9	yamukele	ingamukeli
Class 10	zamukele	zingamukeli
Class 11	lwamukele	lungamukeli
Class 14	bamukele	bungamukeli
Class 15	kwamukele	kungamukeli
Class 17	kwamukele	kungamukeli
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngamukela	ngangamukela, angamukela, angangamukela
2nd singular	wamukela	wangamukela, awamukela, awangamukela
1st plural	samukela	sangamukela, asamukela, asangamukela
2nd plural	namukela	nangamukela, anamukela, anangamukela
Class 1	wamukela	wangamukela, akamukela, akangamukela
Class 2	bamukela	bangamukela, abamukela, abangamukela
Class 3	wamukela	wangamukela, awamukela, awangamukela
Class 4	yamukela	yangamukela, ayamukela, ayangamukela
Class 5	lamukela	langamukela, alamukela, alangamukela
Class 6	amukela	angamukela, awamukela, awangamukela
Class 7	samukela	sangamukela, asamukela, asangamukela
Class 8	zamukela	zangamukela, azamukela, azangamukela
Class 9	yamukela	yangamukela, ayamukela, ayangamukela
Class 10	zamukela	zangamukela, azamukela, azangamukela
Class 11	lwamukela	lwangamukela, alwamukela, alwangamukela
Class 14	bamukela	bangamukela, abamukela, abangamukela
Class 15	kwamukela	kwangamukela, akwamukela, akwangamukela
Class 17	kwamukela	kwangamukela, akwamukela, akwangamukela

Derived terms

• -amukelela (applicative)
• -amukelisa, -amukeza (causative)
• -amukelisisa (intensive)
• -amukeleka (neuter-passive)
• -amukelwa (passive)
• -amukelana (reciprocal)

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “amukela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “amukela (3.3.2.9)”