gundua

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-gundua (infinitive kugundua)

1. to catch, discover, expose, startle

Conjugation

Conjugation of -gundua
Positive present -nagundua Subjunctive -gundue Negative -gundui Imperative singular gundua
Infinitives
Positive kugundua Negative kutogundua
Imperatives
Singular gundua Plural gundueni
Tensed forms
Habitual hugundua Positive past positive subject concord + -ligundua Negative past negative subject concord + -kugundua
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nagundua) Singular Plural 1st person ninagundua/nagundua tunagundua 2nd person unagundua mnagundua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anagundua wanagundua other classes positive subject concord + -nagundua
Negative present (negative subject concord + -gundui) Singular Plural 1st person sigundui hatugundui 2nd person hugundui hamgundui 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hagundui hawagundui other classes negative subject concord + -gundui
Positive future positive subject concord + -tagundua Negative future negative subject concord + -tagundua
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -gundue) Singular Plural 1st person nigundue tugundue 2nd person ugundue mgundue 3rd person m-wa(I/II) agundue wagundue other classes positive subject concord + -gundue
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sigundue Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngegundua Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singegundua Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaligundua Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaligundua
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -agundua) Singular Plural 1st person nagundua twagundua 2nd person wagundua mwagundua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) agundua wagundua m-mi(III/IV) wagundua yagundua ji-ma(V/VI) lagundua yagundua ki-vi(VII/VIII) chagundua vyagundua n(IX/X) yagundua zagundua u(XI) wagundua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwagundua pa(XVI) pagundua mu(XVIII) mwagundua
Perfect positive subject concord + -megundua "Already" positive subject concord + -meshagundua "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jagundua "If/When" positive subject concord + -kigundua "If not" positive subject concord + -sipogundua Consecutive kagundua / positive subject concord + -kagundua Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kagundue
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nigundua -tugundua 2nd person -kugundua -wagundua/-kugundueni/-wagundueni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mgundua -wagundua m-mi(III/IV) -ugundua -igundua ji-ma(V/VI) -ligundua -yagundua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kigundua -vigundua n(IX/X) -igundua -zigundua u(XI) -ugundua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kugundua pa(XVI) -pagundua mu(XVIII) -mugundua Reflexive -jigundua
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -gundua- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -gunduaye -gunduao m-mi(III/IV) -gunduao -gunduayo ji-ma(V/VI) -gundualo -gunduayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -gunduacho -gunduavyo n(IX/X) -gunduayo -gunduazo u(XI) -gunduao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -gunduako pa(XVI) -gunduapo mu(XVIII) -gunduamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -gundua) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yegundua -ogundua m-mi(III/IV) -ogundua -yogundua ji-ma(V/VI) -logundua -yogundua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chogundua -vyogundua n(IX/X) -yogundua -zogundua u(XI) -ogundua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kogundua pa(XVI) -pogundua mu(XVIII) -mogundua
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -gundulia (“sneak up on”)
  • Causative: -gundulisha
  • Passive: -gunduliwa (“be discovered”)

• Nominal derivations:
  • mgunduzi
  • ugunduzi (“discovery, invention”)