kalja

Estonian

Noun

kalja

1. genitive singular of kali
2. partitive singular of kali
3. illative singular of kali

Finnish

kalja (traditional kvass-like drink)

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kalja (cognate with Estonian kali). According to one theory, possibly from earlier *kaleja or *kaleta, possibly from an early Indo-European language; compare Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-u-t- (“beer”) (Proto-Slavic *olъ, Proto-Germanic *alu, Old Prussian alu, Old Armenian աւղի (awłi)), and if so, akin to olut, a later borrowing from Baltic or Germanic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑljɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝ljɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑljɑ
• Syllabification^(key): kal‧ja

Noun

kalja

1. A traditional fermented, homemade, weak table drink made of malt and sugar, closely resembling kvass; its alcohol content is between 0.8 and 2.2 %.

   Synonym: (see usage notes) kotikalja

2. (informal) Synonym of olut (“beer”)

Usage notes

• The difference between kalja and kvass (a drink popular in Eastern Europe, called kvassi or taari in Finnish) is that the former is made from malt, whereas kvass is usually made of bread. Nevertheless, kalja is sometimes metonymically used to refer to kvass or other similar beverages in other cultures as well.
• The use of the term kalja to refer to beer in informal language is so common that it is now quite common to use kotikalja (strictly speaking only for homemade kalja) to refer to the other sense instead to avoid confusion.

Declension

Inflection of kalja (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		kalja	kaljat
genitive		kaljan	kaljojen
partitive		kaljaa	kaljoja
illative		kaljaan	kaljoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		kalja	kaljat
accusative	nom.	kalja	kaljat
	gen.	kaljan
genitive		kaljan	kaljojen kaljainrare
partitive		kaljaa	kaljoja
inessive		kaljassa	kaljoissa
elative		kaljasta	kaljoista
illative		kaljaan	kaljoihin
adessive		kaljalla	kaljoilla
ablative		kaljalta	kaljoilta
allative		kaljalle	kaljoille
essive		kaljana	kaljoina
translative		kaljaksi	kaljoiksi
abessive		kaljatta	kaljoitta
instructive		—	kaljoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of kalja (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kaljani kaljani accusative nom. kaljani kaljani gen. kaljani genitive kaljani kaljojeni kaljainirare partitive kaljaani kaljojani inessive kaljassani kaljoissani elative kaljastani kaljoistani illative kaljaani kaljoihini adessive kaljallani kaljoillani ablative kaljaltani kaljoiltani allative kaljalleni kaljoilleni essive kaljanani kaljoinani translative kaljakseni kaljoikseni abessive kaljattani kaljoittani instructive — — comitative — kaljoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kaljasi kaljasi accusative nom. kaljasi kaljasi gen. kaljasi genitive kaljasi kaljojesi kaljaisirare partitive kaljaasi kaljojasi inessive kaljassasi kaljoissasi elative kaljastasi kaljoistasi illative kaljaasi kaljoihisi adessive kaljallasi kaljoillasi ablative kaljaltasi kaljoiltasi allative kaljallesi kaljoillesi essive kaljanasi kaljoinasi translative kaljaksesi kaljoiksesi abessive kaljattasi kaljoittasi instructive — — comitative — kaljoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kaljamme kaljamme accusative nom. kaljamme kaljamme gen. kaljamme genitive kaljamme kaljojemme kaljaimmerare partitive kaljaamme kaljojamme inessive kaljassamme kaljoissamme elative kaljastamme kaljoistamme illative kaljaamme kaljoihimme adessive kaljallamme kaljoillamme ablative kaljaltamme kaljoiltamme allative kaljallemme kaljoillemme essive kaljanamme kaljoinamme translative kaljaksemme kaljoiksemme abessive kaljattamme kaljoittamme instructive — — comitative — kaljoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kaljanne kaljanne accusative nom. kaljanne kaljanne gen. kaljanne genitive kaljanne kaljojenne kaljainnerare partitive kaljaanne kaljojanne inessive kaljassanne kaljoissanne elative kaljastanne kaljoistanne illative kaljaanne kaljoihinne adessive kaljallanne kaljoillanne ablative kaljaltanne kaljoiltanne allative kaljallenne kaljoillenne essive kaljananne kaljoinanne translative kaljaksenne kaljoiksenne abessive kaljattanne kaljoittanne instructive — — comitative — kaljoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative kaljansa kaljansa accusative nom. kaljansa kaljansa gen. kaljansa genitive kaljansa kaljojensa kaljainsarare partitive kaljaansa kaljojaan kaljojansa inessive kaljassaan kaljassansa kaljoissaan kaljoissansa elative kaljastaan kaljastansa kaljoistaan kaljoistansa illative kaljaansa kaljoihinsa adessive kaljallaan kaljallansa kaljoillaan kaljoillansa ablative kaljaltaan kaljaltansa kaljoiltaan kaljoiltansa allative kaljalleen kaljallensa kaljoilleen kaljoillensa essive kaljanaan kaljanansa kaljoinaan kaljoinansa translative kaljakseen kaljaksensa kaljoikseen kaljoiksensa abessive kaljattaan kaljattansa kaljoittaan kaljoittansa instructive — — comitative — kaljoineen kaljoinensa

Derived terms

• kaljainen
• kaljoitella
• olla kaljoissaan

 

compounds

• jauhokalja
• juoksukalja
• kaljabaari
• kaljabasso
• kaljailta
• kaljakeitto
• kaljakori
• kaljakuppila
• kaljamaha
• kaljanpano
• kaljapullo
• kaljasaavi
• kaljavelli
• keskikalja
• kotikalja
• pikakalja
• pussikalja
• rapakalja
• samppakalja
• saunakalja
• sipsikaljavegaani
• talouskalja
• vaarinkalja

 

Further reading

• “kalja”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Anagrams

• jalka, kajal