qhephuka

Zulu

Etymology

Derived from the ideophone qhephu.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ǃʰepʰuːɠa/

Verb

-qhephuka

1. (intransitive) to break apart, to come apart
2. (intransitive) to break, to crack, to crush
3. (intransitive) to get broken off, to get chipped of, to get torn off

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuqhephuka
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuqhephuka	ukungaqhephuki
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	qhephuka	-qhephuke
Plural	qhephukani	-qhephukeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaqhephuka, ngiqhephuka	engiqhephukayo, engiqhephuka	ngiqhephuka	angiqhephuki	engingaqhephuki	ngingaqhephuki
2nd singular	uyaqhephuka, uqhephuka	oqhephukayo, oqhephuka	uqhephuka	awuqhephuki	ongaqhephuki	ungaqhephuki
1st plural	siyaqhephuka, siqhephuka	esiqhephukayo, esiqhephuka	siqhephuka	asiqhephuki	esingaqhephuki	singaqhephuki
2nd plural	niyaqhephuka, niqhephuka	eniqhephukayo, eniqhephuka	niqhephuka	aniqhephuki	eningaqhephuki	ningaqhephuki
Class 1	uyaqhephuka, uqhephuka	oqhephukayo, oqhephuka	eqhephuka	akaqhephuki	ongaqhephuki	engaqhephuki
Class 2	bayaqhephuka, baqhephuka	abaqhephukayo, abaqhephuka	beqhephuka	abaqhephuki	abangaqhephuki	bengaqhephuki
Class 3	uyaqhephuka, uqhephuka	oqhephukayo, oqhephuka	uqhephuka	awuqhephuki	ongaqhephuki	ungaqhephuki
Class 4	iyaqhephuka, iqhephuka	eqhephukayo, eqhephuka	iqhephuka	ayiqhephuki	engaqhephuki	ingaqhephuki
Class 5	liyaqhephuka, liqhephuka	eliqhephukayo, eliqhephuka	liqhephuka	aliqhephuki	elingaqhephuki	lingaqhephuki
Class 6	ayaqhephuka, aqhephuka	aqhephukayo, aqhephuka	eqhephuka	awaqhephuki	angaqhephuki	engaqhephuki
Class 7	siyaqhephuka, siqhephuka	esiqhephukayo, esiqhephuka	siqhephuka	asiqhephuki	esingaqhephuki	singaqhephuki
Class 8	ziyaqhephuka, ziqhephuka	eziqhephukayo, eziqhephuka	ziqhephuka	aziqhephuki	ezingaqhephuki	zingaqhephuki
Class 9	iyaqhephuka, iqhephuka	eqhephukayo, eqhephuka	iqhephuka	ayiqhephuki	engaqhephuki	ingaqhephuki
Class 10	ziyaqhephuka, ziqhephuka	eziqhephukayo, eziqhephuka	ziqhephuka	aziqhephuki	ezingaqhephuki	zingaqhephuki
Class 11	luyaqhephuka, luqhephuka	oluqhephukayo, oluqhephuka	luqhephuka	aluqhephuki	olungaqhephuki	lungaqhephuki
Class 14	buyaqhephuka, buqhephuka	obuqhephukayo, obuqhephuka	buqhephuka	abuqhephuki	obungaqhephuki	bungaqhephuki
Class 15	kuyaqhephuka, kuqhephuka	okuqhephukayo, okuqhephuka	kuqhephuka	akuqhephuki	okungaqhephuki	kungaqhephuki
Class 17	kuyaqhephuka, kuqhephuka	okuqhephukayo, okuqhephuka	kuqhephuka	akuqhephuki	okungaqhephuki	kungaqhephuki
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiqhephukile, ngiqhephukē	engiqhephukile, engiqhephukē	ngiqhephukile, ngiqhephukē	angiqhephukanga	engingaqhephukanga	ngingaqhephukanga
2nd singular	uqhephukile, uqhephukē	oqhephukile, oqhephukē	uqhephukile, uqhephukē	awuqhephukanga	ongaqhephukanga	ungaqhephukanga
1st plural	siqhephukile, siqhephukē	esiqhephukile, esiqhephukē	siqhephukile, siqhephukē	asiqhephukanga	esingaqhephukanga	singaqhephukanga
2nd plural	niqhephukile, niqhephukē	eniqhephukile, eniqhephukē	niqhephukile, niqhephukē	aniqhephukanga	eningaqhephukanga	ningaqhephukanga
Class 1	uqhephukile, uqhephukē	oqhephukile, oqhephukē	eqhephukile, eqhephukē	akaqhephukanga	ongaqhephukanga	engaqhephukanga
Class 2	baqhephukile, baqhephukē	abaqhephukile, abaqhephukē	beqhephukile, beqhephukē	abaqhephukanga	abangaqhephukanga	bengaqhephukanga
Class 3	uqhephukile, uqhephukē	oqhephukile, oqhephukē	uqhephukile, uqhephukē	awuqhephukanga	ongaqhephukanga	ungaqhephukanga
Class 4	iqhephukile, iqhephukē	eqhephukile, eqhephukē	iqhephukile, iqhephukē	ayiqhephukanga	engaqhephukanga	ingaqhephukanga
Class 5	liqhephukile, liqhephukē	eliqhephukile, eliqhephukē	liqhephukile, liqhephukē	aliqhephukanga	elingaqhephukanga	lingaqhephukanga
Class 6	aqhephukile, aqhephukē	aqhephukile, aqhephukē	eqhephukile, eqhephukē	awaqhephukanga	angaqhephukanga	engaqhephukanga
Class 7	siqhephukile, siqhephukē	esiqhephukile, esiqhephukē	siqhephukile, siqhephukē	asiqhephukanga	esingaqhephukanga	singaqhephukanga
Class 8	ziqhephukile, ziqhephukē	eziqhephukile, eziqhephukē	ziqhephukile, ziqhephukē	aziqhephukanga	ezingaqhephukanga	zingaqhephukanga
Class 9	iqhephukile, iqhephukē	eqhephukile, eqhephukē	iqhephukile, iqhephukē	ayiqhephukanga	engaqhephukanga	ingaqhephukanga
Class 10	ziqhephukile, ziqhephukē	eziqhephukile, eziqhephukē	ziqhephukile, ziqhephukē	aziqhephukanga	ezingaqhephukanga	zingaqhephukanga
Class 11	luqhephukile, luqhephukē	oluqhephukile, oluqhephukē	luqhephukile, luqhephukē	aluqhephukanga	olungaqhephukanga	lungaqhephukanga
Class 14	buqhephukile, buqhephukē	obuqhephukile, obuqhephukē	buqhephukile, buqhephukē	abuqhephukanga	obungaqhephukanga	bungaqhephukanga
Class 15	kuqhephukile, kuqhephukē	okuqhephukile, okuqhephukē	kuqhephukile, kuqhephukē	akuqhephukanga	okungaqhephukanga	kungaqhephukanga
Class 17	kuqhephukile, kuqhephukē	okuqhephukile, okuqhephukē	kuqhephukile, kuqhephukē	akuqhephukanga	okungaqhephukanga	kungaqhephukanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāqhephuka	engāqhephuka	ngāqhephuka	angiqhephukanga	engingaqhephukanga	ngingaqhephukanga
2nd singular	wāqhephuka	owāqhephuka	wāqhephuka	awuqhephukanga	ongaqhephukanga	ungaqhephukanga
1st plural	sāqhephuka	esāqhephuka	sāqhephuka	asiqhephukanga	esingaqhephukanga	singaqhephukanga
2nd plural	nāqhephuka	enāqhephuka	nāqhephuka	aniqhephukanga	eningaqhephukanga	ningaqhephukanga
Class 1	wāqhephuka	owāqhephuka	āqhephuka	akaqhephukanga	ongaqhephukanga	engaqhephukanga
Class 2	bāqhephuka	abāqhephuka	bāqhephuka	abaqhephukanga	abangaqhephukanga	bengaqhephukanga
Class 3	wāqhephuka	owāqhephuka	wāqhephuka	awuqhephukanga	ongaqhephukanga	ungaqhephukanga
Class 4	yāqhephuka	eyāqhephuka	yāqhephuka	ayiqhephukanga	engaqhephukanga	ingaqhephukanga
Class 5	lāqhephuka	elāqhephuka	lāqhephuka	aliqhephukanga	elingaqhephukanga	lingaqhephukanga
Class 6	āqhephuka	āqhephuka	āqhephuka	awaqhephukanga	angaqhephukanga	engaqhephukanga
Class 7	sāqhephuka	esāqhephuka	sāqhephuka	asiqhephukanga	esingaqhephukanga	singaqhephukanga
Class 8	zāqhephuka	ezāqhephuka	zāqhephuka	aziqhephukanga	ezingaqhephukanga	zingaqhephukanga
Class 9	yāqhephuka	eyāqhephuka	yāqhephuka	ayiqhephukanga	engaqhephukanga	ingaqhephukanga
Class 10	zāqhephuka	ezāqhephuka	zāqhephuka	aziqhephukanga	ezingaqhephukanga	zingaqhephukanga
Class 11	lwāqhephuka	olwāqhephuka	lwāqhephuka	aluqhephukanga	olungaqhephukanga	lungaqhephukanga
Class 14	bāqhephuka	obāqhephuka	bāqhephuka	abuqhephukanga	obungaqhephukanga	bungaqhephukanga
Class 15	kwāqhephuka	okwāqhephuka	kwāqhephuka	akuqhephukanga	okungaqhephukanga	kungaqhephukanga
Class 17	kwāqhephuka	okwāqhephuka	kwāqhephuka	akuqhephukanga	okungaqhephukanga	kungaqhephukanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaqhephuka	—	ngingaqhephuka	ngingeqhephuke	—	ngingeqhephuke
2nd singular	ungaqhephuka	—	ungaqhephuka	ungeqhephuke	—	ungeqhephuke
1st plural	singaqhephuka	—	singaqhephuka	singeqhephuke	—	singeqhephuke
2nd plural	ningaqhephuka	—	ningaqhephuka	ningeqhephuke	—	ningeqhephuke
Class 1	angaqhephuka	—	engaqhephuka	angeqhephuke	—	engeqhephuke
Class 2	bangaqhephuka	—	bengaqhephuka	bangeqhephuke	—	bengeqhephuke
Class 3	ungaqhephuka	—	ungaqhephuka	ungeqhephuke	—	ungeqhephuke
Class 4	ingaqhephuka	—	ingaqhephuka	ingeqhephuke	—	ingeqhephuke
Class 5	lingaqhephuka	—	lingaqhephuka	lingeqhephuke	—	lingeqhephuke
Class 6	angaqhephuka	—	engaqhephuka	angeqhephuke	—	engeqhephuke
Class 7	singaqhephuka	—	singaqhephuka	singeqhephuke	—	singeqhephuke
Class 8	zingaqhephuka	—	zingaqhephuka	zingeqhephuke	—	zingeqhephuke
Class 9	ingaqhephuka	—	ingaqhephuka	ingeqhephuke	—	ingeqhephuke
Class 10	zingaqhephuka	—	zingaqhephuka	zingeqhephuke	—	zingeqhephuke
Class 11	lungaqhephuka	—	lungaqhephuka	lungeqhephuke	—	lungeqhephuke
Class 14	bungaqhephuka	—	bungaqhephuka	bungeqhephuke	—	bungeqhephuke
Class 15	kungaqhephuka	—	kungaqhephuka	kungeqhephuke	—	kungeqhephuke
Class 17	kungaqhephuka	—	kungaqhephuka	kungeqhephuke	—	kungeqhephuke
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoqhephuka	engizoqhephuka	ngizoqhephuka	angizuqhephuka	engingezuqhephuka	ngingezuqhephuka
2nd singular	uzoqhephuka	ozoqhephuka	uzoqhephuka	awuzuqhephuka	ongezuqhephuka	ungezuqhephuka
1st plural	sizoqhephuka	esizoqhephuka	sizoqhephuka	asizuqhephuka	esingezuqhephuka	singezuqhephuka
2nd plural	nizoqhephuka	enizoqhephuka	nizoqhephuka	anizuqhephuka	eningezuqhephuka	ningezuqhephuka
Class 1	uzoqhephuka	ozoqhephuka	ezoqhephuka	akazuqhephuka	ongezuqhephuka	engezuqhephuka
Class 2	bazoqhephuka	abazoqhephuka	bezoqhephuka	abazuqhephuka	abangezuqhephuka	bengezuqhephuka
Class 3	uzoqhephuka	ozoqhephuka	uzoqhephuka	awuzuqhephuka	ongezuqhephuka	ungezuqhephuka
Class 4	izoqhephuka	ezoqhephuka	izoqhephuka	ayizuqhephuka	engezuqhephuka	ingezuqhephuka
Class 5	lizoqhephuka	elizoqhephuka	lizoqhephuka	alizuqhephuka	elingezuqhephuka	lingezuqhephuka
Class 6	azoqhephuka	azoqhephuka	ezoqhephuka	awazuqhephuka	angezuqhephuka	engezuqhephuka
Class 7	sizoqhephuka	esizoqhephuka	sizoqhephuka	asizuqhephuka	esingezuqhephuka	singezuqhephuka
Class 8	zizoqhephuka	ezizoqhephuka	zizoqhephuka	azizuqhephuka	ezingezuqhephuka	zingezuqhephuka
Class 9	izoqhephuka	ezoqhephuka	izoqhephuka	ayizuqhephuka	engezuqhephuka	ingezuqhephuka
Class 10	zizoqhephuka	ezizoqhephuka	zizoqhephuka	azizuqhephuka	ezingezuqhephuka	zingezuqhephuka
Class 11	luzoqhephuka	oluzoqhephuka	luzoqhephuka	aluzuqhephuka	olungezuqhephuka	lungezuqhephuka
Class 14	buzoqhephuka	obuzoqhephuka	buzoqhephuka	abuzuqhephuka	obungezuqhephuka	bungezuqhephuka
Class 15	kuzoqhephuka	okuzoqhephuka	kuzoqhephuka	akuzuqhephuka	okungezuqhephuka	kungezuqhephuka
Class 17	kuzoqhephuka	okuzoqhephuka	kuzoqhephuka	akuzuqhephuka	okungezuqhephuka	kungezuqhephuka
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoqhephuka	engiyoqhephuka	ngiyoqhephuka	angiyuqhephuka	engingeyuqhephuka	ngingeyuqhephuka
2nd singular	uyoqhephuka	oyoqhephuka	uyoqhephuka	awuyuqhephuka	ongeyuqhephuka	ungeyuqhephuka
1st plural	siyoqhephuka	esiyoqhephuka	siyoqhephuka	asiyuqhephuka	esingeyuqhephuka	singeyuqhephuka
2nd plural	niyoqhephuka	eniyoqhephuka	niyoqhephuka	aniyuqhephuka	eningeyuqhephuka	ningeyuqhephuka
Class 1	uyoqhephuka	oyoqhephuka	eyoqhephuka	akayuqhephuka	ongeyuqhephuka	engeyuqhephuka
Class 2	bayoqhephuka	abayoqhephuka	beyoqhephuka	abayuqhephuka	abangeyuqhephuka	bengeyuqhephuka
Class 3	uyoqhephuka	oyoqhephuka	uyoqhephuka	awuyuqhephuka	ongeyuqhephuka	ungeyuqhephuka
Class 4	iyoqhephuka	eyoqhephuka	iyoqhephuka	ayiyuqhephuka	engeyuqhephuka	ingeyuqhephuka
Class 5	liyoqhephuka	eliyoqhephuka	liyoqhephuka	aliyuqhephuka	elingeyuqhephuka	lingeyuqhephuka
Class 6	ayoqhephuka	ayoqhephuka	eyoqhephuka	awayuqhephuka	angeyuqhephuka	engeyuqhephuka
Class 7	siyoqhephuka	esiyoqhephuka	siyoqhephuka	asiyuqhephuka	esingeyuqhephuka	singeyuqhephuka
Class 8	ziyoqhephuka	eziyoqhephuka	ziyoqhephuka	aziyuqhephuka	ezingeyuqhephuka	zingeyuqhephuka
Class 9	iyoqhephuka	eyoqhephuka	iyoqhephuka	ayiyuqhephuka	engeyuqhephuka	ingeyuqhephuka
Class 10	ziyoqhephuka	eziyoqhephuka	ziyoqhephuka	aziyuqhephuka	ezingeyuqhephuka	zingeyuqhephuka
Class 11	luyoqhephuka	oluyoqhephuka	luyoqhephuka	aluyuqhephuka	olungeyuqhephuka	lungeyuqhephuka
Class 14	buyoqhephuka	obuyoqhephuka	buyoqhephuka	abuyuqhephuka	obungeyuqhephuka	bungeyuqhephuka
Class 15	kuyoqhephuka	okuyoqhephuka	kuyoqhephuka	akuyuqhephuka	okungeyuqhephuka	kungeyuqhephuka
Class 17	kuyoqhephuka	okuyoqhephuka	kuyoqhephuka	akuyuqhephuka	okungeyuqhephuka	kungeyuqhephuka
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiqhephuke	ngingaqhephuki
2nd singular	uqhephuke	ungaqhephuki
1st plural	siqhephuke	singaqhephuki
2nd plural	niqhephuke	ningaqhephuki
Class 1	aqhephuke	angaqhephuki
Class 2	baqhephuke	bangaqhephuki
Class 3	uqhephuke	ungaqhephuki
Class 4	iqhephuke	ingaqhephuki
Class 5	liqhephuke	lingaqhephuki
Class 6	aqhephuke	angaqhephuki
Class 7	siqhephuke	singaqhephuki
Class 8	ziqhephuke	zingaqhephuki
Class 9	iqhephuke	ingaqhephuki
Class 10	ziqhephuke	zingaqhephuki
Class 11	luqhephuke	lungaqhephuki
Class 14	buqhephuke	bungaqhephuki
Class 15	kuqhephuke	kungaqhephuki
Class 17	kuqhephuke	kungaqhephuki
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaqhephuka	ngangaqhephuka, angaqhephuka, angangaqhephuka
2nd singular	waqhephuka	wangaqhephuka, awaqhephuka, awangaqhephuka
1st plural	saqhephuka	sangaqhephuka, asaqhephuka, asangaqhephuka
2nd plural	naqhephuka	nangaqhephuka, anaqhephuka, anangaqhephuka
Class 1	waqhephuka	wangaqhephuka, akaqhephuka, akangaqhephuka
Class 2	baqhephuka	bangaqhephuka, abaqhephuka, abangaqhephuka
Class 3	waqhephuka	wangaqhephuka, awaqhephuka, awangaqhephuka
Class 4	yaqhephuka	yangaqhephuka, ayaqhephuka, ayangaqhephuka
Class 5	laqhephuka	langaqhephuka, alaqhephuka, alangaqhephuka
Class 6	aqhephuka	angaqhephuka, awaqhephuka, awangaqhephuka
Class 7	saqhephuka	sangaqhephuka, asaqhephuka, asangaqhephuka
Class 8	zaqhephuka	zangaqhephuka, azaqhephuka, azangaqhephuka
Class 9	yaqhephuka	yangaqhephuka, ayaqhephuka, ayangaqhephuka
Class 10	zaqhephuka	zangaqhephuka, azaqhephuka, azangaqhephuka
Class 11	lwaqhephuka	lwangaqhephuka, alwaqhephuka, alwangaqhephuka
Class 14	baqhephuka	bangaqhephuka, abaqhephuka, abangaqhephuka
Class 15	kwaqhephuka	kwangaqhephuka, akwaqhephuka, akwangaqhephuka
Class 17	kwaqhephuka	kwangaqhephuka, akwaqhephuka, akwangaqhephuka

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qhephuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qhephuka (3.2.9)”