ricaner
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French[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
ricaner
- to giggle
- to sneer, smile grimly
- 1955, Georges Simenon, translated by Siân Reynolds, Maigret tend un piège [Maigret Sets a Trap], Livre de Poche, page 130:
- Le coup de grâce ! ricana Maigret.
- 'The coup de grâce,' Maigret said grimly.
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of ricaner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | ricaner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | ricanant /ʁi.ka.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | ricané /ʁi.ka.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ricane /ʁi.kan/ |
ricanes /ʁi.kan/ |
ricane /ʁi.kan/ |
ricanons /ʁi.ka.nɔ̃/ |
ricanez /ʁi.ka.ne/ |
ricanent /ʁi.kan/ |
| imperfect | ricanais /ʁi.ka.nɛ/ |
ricanais /ʁi.ka.nɛ/ |
ricanait /ʁi.ka.nɛ/ |
ricanions /ʁi.ka.njɔ̃/ |
ricaniez /ʁi.ka.nje/ |
ricanaient /ʁi.ka.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | ricanai /ʁi.ka.ne/ |
ricanas /ʁi.ka.na/ |
ricana /ʁi.ka.na/ |
ricanâmes /ʁi.ka.nam/ |
ricanâtes /ʁi.ka.nat/ |
ricanèrent /ʁi.ka.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | ricanerai /ʁi.kan.ʁe/ |
ricaneras /ʁi.kan.ʁa/ |
ricanera /ʁi.kan.ʁa/ |
ricanerons /ʁi.kan.ʁɔ̃/ |
ricanerez /ʁi.kan.ʁe/ |
ricaneront /ʁi.kan.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | ricanerais /ʁi.kan.ʁɛ/ |
ricanerais /ʁi.kan.ʁɛ/ |
ricanerait /ʁi.kan.ʁɛ/ |
ricanerions /ʁi.ka.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
ricaneriez /ʁi.ka.nə.ʁje/ |
ricaneraient /ʁi.kan.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ricane /ʁi.kan/ |
ricanes /ʁi.kan/ |
ricane /ʁi.kan/ |
ricanions /ʁi.ka.njɔ̃/ |
ricaniez /ʁi.ka.nje/ |
ricanent /ʁi.kan/ |
| imperfect2 | ricanasse /ʁi.ka.nas/ |
ricanasses /ʁi.ka.nas/ |
ricanât /ʁi.ka.na/ |
ricanassions /ʁi.ka.na.sjɔ̃/ |
ricanassiez /ʁi.ka.na.sje/ |
ricanassent /ʁi.ka.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | ricane /ʁi.kan/ |
— | ricanons /ʁi.ka.nɔ̃/ |
ricanez /ʁi.ka.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading[edit]
- “ricaner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.