thenga

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-thénga

1. to buy, to purchase

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-thénga

1. to buy, to purchase

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-thénga

1. (transitive) to buy, to purchase

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-thênga

1. (transitive) to buy, to purchase
2. (transitive) to pay for
3. (intransitive) to shop, to go shopping

Inflection

Tone HH
Infinitive	ukuthenga
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuthenga	ukungathengi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	thenga	-thenge
Plural	thengani	-thengeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyathenga, ngithenga	engithengayo, engithenga	ngithenga	angithengi	engingathengi	ngingathengi
2nd singular	uyathenga, uthenga	othengayo, othenga	uthenga	awuthengi	ongathengi	ungathengi
1st plural	siyathenga, sithenga	esithengayo, esithenga	sithenga	asithengi	esingathengi	singathengi
2nd plural	niyathenga, nithenga	enithengayo, enithenga	nithenga	anithengi	eningathengi	ningathengi
Class 1	uyathenga, uthenga	othengayo, othenga	ethenga	akathengi	ongathengi	engathengi
Class 2	bayathenga, bathenga	abathengayo, abathenga	bethenga	abathengi	abangathengi	bengathengi
Class 3	uyathenga, uthenga	othengayo, othenga	uthenga	awuthengi	ongathengi	ungathengi
Class 4	iyathenga, ithenga	ethengayo, ethenga	ithenga	ayithengi	engathengi	ingathengi
Class 5	liyathenga, lithenga	elithengayo, elithenga	lithenga	alithengi	elingathengi	lingathengi
Class 6	ayathenga, athenga	athengayo, athenga	ethenga	awathengi	angathengi	engathengi
Class 7	siyathenga, sithenga	esithengayo, esithenga	sithenga	asithengi	esingathengi	singathengi
Class 8	ziyathenga, zithenga	ezithengayo, ezithenga	zithenga	azithengi	ezingathengi	zingathengi
Class 9	iyathenga, ithenga	ethengayo, ethenga	ithenga	ayithengi	engathengi	ingathengi
Class 10	ziyathenga, zithenga	ezithengayo, ezithenga	zithenga	azithengi	ezingathengi	zingathengi
Class 11	luyathenga, luthenga	oluthengayo, oluthenga	luthenga	aluthengi	olungathengi	lungathengi
Class 14	buyathenga, buthenga	obuthengayo, obuthenga	buthenga	abuthengi	obungathengi	bungathengi
Class 15	kuyathenga, kuthenga	okuthengayo, okuthenga	kuthenga	akuthengi	okungathengi	kungathengi
Class 17	kuyathenga, kuthenga	okuthengayo, okuthenga	kuthenga	akuthengi	okungathengi	kungathengi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngithengile, ngithengē	engithengile, engithengē	ngithengile, ngithengē	angithenganga	engingathenganga	ngingathenganga
2nd singular	uthengile, uthengē	othengile, othengē	uthengile, uthengē	awuthenganga	ongathenganga	ungathenganga
1st plural	sithengile, sithengē	esithengile, esithengē	sithengile, sithengē	asithenganga	esingathenganga	singathenganga
2nd plural	nithengile, nithengē	enithengile, enithengē	nithengile, nithengē	anithenganga	eningathenganga	ningathenganga
Class 1	uthengile, uthengē	othengile, othengē	ethengile, ethengē	akathenganga	ongathenganga	engathenganga
Class 2	bathengile, bathengē	abathengile, abathengē	bethengile, bethengē	abathenganga	abangathenganga	bengathenganga
Class 3	uthengile, uthengē	othengile, othengē	uthengile, uthengē	awuthenganga	ongathenganga	ungathenganga
Class 4	ithengile, ithengē	ethengile, ethengē	ithengile, ithengē	ayithenganga	engathenganga	ingathenganga
Class 5	lithengile, lithengē	elithengile, elithengē	lithengile, lithengē	alithenganga	elingathenganga	lingathenganga
Class 6	athengile, athengē	athengile, athengē	ethengile, ethengē	awathenganga	angathenganga	engathenganga
Class 7	sithengile, sithengē	esithengile, esithengē	sithengile, sithengē	asithenganga	esingathenganga	singathenganga
Class 8	zithengile, zithengē	ezithengile, ezithengē	zithengile, zithengē	azithenganga	ezingathenganga	zingathenganga
Class 9	ithengile, ithengē	ethengile, ethengē	ithengile, ithengē	ayithenganga	engathenganga	ingathenganga
Class 10	zithengile, zithengē	ezithengile, ezithengē	zithengile, zithengē	azithenganga	ezingathenganga	zingathenganga
Class 11	luthengile, luthengē	oluthengile, oluthengē	luthengile, luthengē	aluthenganga	olungathenganga	lungathenganga
Class 14	buthengile, buthengē	obuthengile, obuthengē	buthengile, buthengē	abuthenganga	obungathenganga	bungathenganga
Class 15	kuthengile, kuthengē	okuthengile, okuthengē	kuthengile, kuthengē	akuthenganga	okungathenganga	kungathenganga
Class 17	kuthengile, kuthengē	okuthengile, okuthengē	kuthengile, kuthengē	akuthenganga	okungathenganga	kungathenganga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāthenga	engāthenga	ngāthenga	angithenganga	engingathenganga	ngingathenganga
2nd singular	wāthenga	owāthenga	wāthenga	awuthenganga	ongathenganga	ungathenganga
1st plural	sāthenga	esāthenga	sāthenga	asithenganga	esingathenganga	singathenganga
2nd plural	nāthenga	enāthenga	nāthenga	anithenganga	eningathenganga	ningathenganga
Class 1	wāthenga	owāthenga	āthenga	akathenganga	ongathenganga	engathenganga
Class 2	bāthenga	abāthenga	bāthenga	abathenganga	abangathenganga	bengathenganga
Class 3	wāthenga	owāthenga	wāthenga	awuthenganga	ongathenganga	ungathenganga
Class 4	yāthenga	eyāthenga	yāthenga	ayithenganga	engathenganga	ingathenganga
Class 5	lāthenga	elāthenga	lāthenga	alithenganga	elingathenganga	lingathenganga
Class 6	āthenga	āthenga	āthenga	awathenganga	angathenganga	engathenganga
Class 7	sāthenga	esāthenga	sāthenga	asithenganga	esingathenganga	singathenganga
Class 8	zāthenga	ezāthenga	zāthenga	azithenganga	ezingathenganga	zingathenganga
Class 9	yāthenga	eyāthenga	yāthenga	ayithenganga	engathenganga	ingathenganga
Class 10	zāthenga	ezāthenga	zāthenga	azithenganga	ezingathenganga	zingathenganga
Class 11	lwāthenga	olwāthenga	lwāthenga	aluthenganga	olungathenganga	lungathenganga
Class 14	bāthenga	obāthenga	bāthenga	abuthenganga	obungathenganga	bungathenganga
Class 15	kwāthenga	okwāthenga	kwāthenga	akuthenganga	okungathenganga	kungathenganga
Class 17	kwāthenga	okwāthenga	kwāthenga	akuthenganga	okungathenganga	kungathenganga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingathenga	—	ngingathenga	ngingethenge	—	ngingethenge
2nd singular	ungathenga	—	ungathenga	ungethenge	—	ungethenge
1st plural	singathenga	—	singathenga	singethenge	—	singethenge
2nd plural	ningathenga	—	ningathenga	ningethenge	—	ningethenge
Class 1	angathenga	—	engathenga	angethenge	—	engethenge
Class 2	bangathenga	—	bengathenga	bangethenge	—	bengethenge
Class 3	ungathenga	—	ungathenga	ungethenge	—	ungethenge
Class 4	ingathenga	—	ingathenga	ingethenge	—	ingethenge
Class 5	lingathenga	—	lingathenga	lingethenge	—	lingethenge
Class 6	angathenga	—	engathenga	angethenge	—	engethenge
Class 7	singathenga	—	singathenga	singethenge	—	singethenge
Class 8	zingathenga	—	zingathenga	zingethenge	—	zingethenge
Class 9	ingathenga	—	ingathenga	ingethenge	—	ingethenge
Class 10	zingathenga	—	zingathenga	zingethenge	—	zingethenge
Class 11	lungathenga	—	lungathenga	lungethenge	—	lungethenge
Class 14	bungathenga	—	bungathenga	bungethenge	—	bungethenge
Class 15	kungathenga	—	kungathenga	kungethenge	—	kungethenge
Class 17	kungathenga	—	kungathenga	kungethenge	—	kungethenge
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizothenga	engizothenga	ngizothenga	angizuthenga	engingezuthenga	ngingezuthenga
2nd singular	uzothenga	ozothenga	uzothenga	awuzuthenga	ongezuthenga	ungezuthenga
1st plural	sizothenga	esizothenga	sizothenga	asizuthenga	esingezuthenga	singezuthenga
2nd plural	nizothenga	enizothenga	nizothenga	anizuthenga	eningezuthenga	ningezuthenga
Class 1	uzothenga	ozothenga	ezothenga	akazuthenga	ongezuthenga	engezuthenga
Class 2	bazothenga	abazothenga	bezothenga	abazuthenga	abangezuthenga	bengezuthenga
Class 3	uzothenga	ozothenga	uzothenga	awuzuthenga	ongezuthenga	ungezuthenga
Class 4	izothenga	ezothenga	izothenga	ayizuthenga	engezuthenga	ingezuthenga
Class 5	lizothenga	elizothenga	lizothenga	alizuthenga	elingezuthenga	lingezuthenga
Class 6	azothenga	azothenga	ezothenga	awazuthenga	angezuthenga	engezuthenga
Class 7	sizothenga	esizothenga	sizothenga	asizuthenga	esingezuthenga	singezuthenga
Class 8	zizothenga	ezizothenga	zizothenga	azizuthenga	ezingezuthenga	zingezuthenga
Class 9	izothenga	ezothenga	izothenga	ayizuthenga	engezuthenga	ingezuthenga
Class 10	zizothenga	ezizothenga	zizothenga	azizuthenga	ezingezuthenga	zingezuthenga
Class 11	luzothenga	oluzothenga	luzothenga	aluzuthenga	olungezuthenga	lungezuthenga
Class 14	buzothenga	obuzothenga	buzothenga	abuzuthenga	obungezuthenga	bungezuthenga
Class 15	kuzothenga	okuzothenga	kuzothenga	akuzuthenga	okungezuthenga	kungezuthenga
Class 17	kuzothenga	okuzothenga	kuzothenga	akuzuthenga	okungezuthenga	kungezuthenga
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyothenga	engiyothenga	ngiyothenga	angiyuthenga	engingeyuthenga	ngingeyuthenga
2nd singular	uyothenga	oyothenga	uyothenga	awuyuthenga	ongeyuthenga	ungeyuthenga
1st plural	siyothenga	esiyothenga	siyothenga	asiyuthenga	esingeyuthenga	singeyuthenga
2nd plural	niyothenga	eniyothenga	niyothenga	aniyuthenga	eningeyuthenga	ningeyuthenga
Class 1	uyothenga	oyothenga	eyothenga	akayuthenga	ongeyuthenga	engeyuthenga
Class 2	bayothenga	abayothenga	beyothenga	abayuthenga	abangeyuthenga	bengeyuthenga
Class 3	uyothenga	oyothenga	uyothenga	awuyuthenga	ongeyuthenga	ungeyuthenga
Class 4	iyothenga	eyothenga	iyothenga	ayiyuthenga	engeyuthenga	ingeyuthenga
Class 5	liyothenga	eliyothenga	liyothenga	aliyuthenga	elingeyuthenga	lingeyuthenga
Class 6	ayothenga	ayothenga	eyothenga	awayuthenga	angeyuthenga	engeyuthenga
Class 7	siyothenga	esiyothenga	siyothenga	asiyuthenga	esingeyuthenga	singeyuthenga
Class 8	ziyothenga	eziyothenga	ziyothenga	aziyuthenga	ezingeyuthenga	zingeyuthenga
Class 9	iyothenga	eyothenga	iyothenga	ayiyuthenga	engeyuthenga	ingeyuthenga
Class 10	ziyothenga	eziyothenga	ziyothenga	aziyuthenga	ezingeyuthenga	zingeyuthenga
Class 11	luyothenga	oluyothenga	luyothenga	aluyuthenga	olungeyuthenga	lungeyuthenga
Class 14	buyothenga	obuyothenga	buyothenga	abuyuthenga	obungeyuthenga	bungeyuthenga
Class 15	kuyothenga	okuyothenga	kuyothenga	akuyuthenga	okungeyuthenga	kungeyuthenga
Class 17	kuyothenga	okuyothenga	kuyothenga	akuyuthenga	okungeyuthenga	kungeyuthenga
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngithenge	ngingathengi
2nd singular	uthenge	ungathengi
1st plural	sithenge	singathengi
2nd plural	nithenge	ningathengi
Class 1	athenge	angathengi
Class 2	bathenge	bangathengi
Class 3	uthenge	ungathengi
Class 4	ithenge	ingathengi
Class 5	lithenge	lingathengi
Class 6	athenge	angathengi
Class 7	sithenge	singathengi
Class 8	zithenge	zingathengi
Class 9	ithenge	ingathengi
Class 10	zithenge	zingathengi
Class 11	luthenge	lungathengi
Class 14	buthenge	bungathengi
Class 15	kuthenge	kungathengi
Class 17	kuthenge	kungathengi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngathenga	ngangathenga, angathenga, angangathenga
2nd singular	wathenga	wangathenga, awathenga, awangathenga
1st plural	sathenga	sangathenga, asathenga, asangathenga
2nd plural	nathenga	nangathenga, anathenga, anangathenga
Class 1	wathenga	wangathenga, akathenga, akangathenga
Class 2	bathenga	bangathenga, abathenga, abangathenga
Class 3	wathenga	wangathenga, awathenga, awangathenga
Class 4	yathenga	yangathenga, ayathenga, ayangathenga
Class 5	lathenga	langathenga, alathenga, alangathenga
Class 6	athenga	angathenga, awathenga, awangathenga
Class 7	sathenga	sangathenga, asathenga, asangathenga
Class 8	zathenga	zangathenga, azathenga, azangathenga
Class 9	yathenga	yangathenga, ayathenga, ayangathenga
Class 10	zathenga	zangathenga, azathenga, azangathenga
Class 11	lwathenga	lwangathenga, alwathenga, alwangathenga
Class 14	bathenga	bangathenga, abathenga, abangathenga
Class 15	kwathenga	kwangathenga, akwathenga, akwangathenga
Class 17	kwathenga	kwangathenga, akwathenga, akwangathenga

Derived terms

• -thengisa

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thenga”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thenga (3.9)”
• Khumalo, J. S. M. (1987). An autosegmental account of Zulu phonology (Ph.D. Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg).