zökken
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See also: zokken
Hungarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Of onomatopoeic origin + -en (instantaneous suffix), related to the stem of zokog (“to sob”) by vowel harmony. zökken has a regional frequentative variant zökög.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
zökken
- (intransitive) to jolt, jerk, bump
- 1866, János Arany, translation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet
- Kizökkent az idő; – ó, kárhozat! / Hogy én születtem helyre tolni azt.
- The time is out of joint: O cursed spite, / That ever I was born to set it right!
- 1866, János Arany, translation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet
Conjugation[edit]
conjugation of zökken
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | zökkenek | zökkensz | zökken | zökkenünk | zökkentek | zökkennek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | zökkentem | zökkentél | zökkent | zökkentünk | zökkentetek | zökkentek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. zökkenni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | zökkenék | zökkenél | zökkene | zökkenénk | zökkenétek | zökkenének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. zökken vala, zökkent vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | zökkenendek | zökkenendesz | zökkenend | zökkenendünk | zökkenendetek | zökkenendenek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | zökkennék | zökkennél | zökkenne | zökkennénk | zökkennétek | zökkennének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. zökkent volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | zökkenjek | zökkenj or zökkenjél |
zökkenjen | zökkenjünk | zökkenjetek | zökkenjenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. zökkent légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | zökkenni | zökkennem | zökkenned | zökkennie | zökkennünk | zökkennetek | zökkenniük | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| zökkenés | zökkenő | zökkent | ― | zökkenve (zökkenvén) | |||||
potential conjugation of zökken
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | zökkenhetek | zökkenhetsz | zökkenhet | zökkenhetünk | zökkenhettek | zökkenhetnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | zökkenhettem | zökkenhettél | zökkenhetett | zökkenhettünk | zökkenhettetek | zökkenhettek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | zökkenheték | zökkenhetél | zökkenhete | zökkenheténk | zökkenhetétek | zökkenhetének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. zökkenhet vala, zökkenhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | zökkenhetendek or zökkenandhatok |
zökkenhetendesz or zökkenandhatsz |
zökkenhetend or zökkenandhat |
zökkenhetendünk or zökkenandhatunk |
zökkenhetendetek or zökkenandhattok |
zökkenhetendenek or zökkenandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | zökkenhetnék | zökkenhetnél | zökkenhetne | zökkenhetnénk | zökkenhetnétek | zökkenhetnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. zökkenhetett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | zökkenhessek | zökkenhess or zökkenhessél |
zökkenhessen | zökkenhessünk | zökkenhessetek | zökkenhessenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. zökkenhetett légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (zökkenhetni) | (zökkenhetnem) | (zökkenhetned) | (zökkenhetnie) | (zökkenhetnünk) | (zökkenhetnetek) | (zökkenhetniük) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (zökkenhetve / zökkenhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms[edit]
- zökkenő → zökkenőmentes
- zökkent (along with its prefixed forms)
(With verbal prefixes):
See also[edit]
- zötyög (acting as its continuous counterpart: “to move with a series of jerks”)
References[edit]
- ^ zökken in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading[edit]
- zökken in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN