घर्म

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit घर्म (gharmá). Doublet of गर्म (garm), a borrowing from Persian.

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɡʱəɾm/, [ɡʱɐɾm]

Noun

घर्म • (gharm) m (Urdu spelling گھرم)

1. heat
2. hot weather
3. summer
4. sunshine

Declension

Declension of घर्म (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	घर्म gharm	घर्म gharm
oblique	घर्म gharm	घर्मों gharmõ
vocative	घर्म gharm	घर्मो gharmo

See also

• घर्मी (gharmī)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ঘৰ্ম (Assamese script)
• ᬖᬃᬫ (Balinese script)
• ঘর্ম (Bengali script)
• 𑰑𑰨𑰿𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀖𑀭𑁆𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• ဃရ်္မ (Burmese script)
• ઘર્મ (Gujarati script)
• ਘਰ੍ਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌘𑌰𑍍𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦓꦂꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂐𑂩𑂹𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ಘರ್ಮ (Kannada script)
• ឃម៌ (Khmer script)
• ຆຣ຺ມ (Lao script)
• ഘര്മ (Malayalam script)
• ᢚᠠᡵᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘑𑘨𑘿𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠾᠠᠷᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦱𑧈𑧠𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐑𑐬𑑂𑐩 (Newa script)
• ଘର୍ମ (Odia script)
• ꢕꢬ꣄ꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆔𑆫𑇀𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖑𑖨𑖿𑖦 (Siddham script)
• ඝර්‍ම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩟𑩼 𑪙𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚍𑚤𑚶𑚢 (Takri script)
• க⁴ர்ம (Tamil script)
• ఘర్మ (Telugu script)
• ฆรฺม (Thai script)
• གྷ་རྨ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒒𑒩𑓂𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨎𑨫𑩇𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás (“hot, warm; warmth, heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰor-mós, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (gar^əma, “hot; warmth”), Persian گرم (garm), Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), Latin formus, furnus.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡʱɐɾ.mɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡʱɐɾ.mɐ/

Noun

घर्म • (gharmá) stem, m

1. heat, warmth
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.180.4:

     युवं ह घर्मं मधुमन्तमत्रयेऽपो न क्षोदोऽवृणीतमेषे ।
     तद्वां नरावश्विना पश्वइष्टी रथ्येव चक्रा प्रति यन्ति मध्वः ॥

     yuvaṃ ha gharmaṃ madhumantamatrayeʼpo na kṣodoʼvṛṇītameṣe .
     tadvāṃ narāvaśvinā paśvaïṣṭī rathyeva cakrā prati yanti madhvaḥ .

     Ye made the fierce heat to be full of sweetness for Atri at his wish, like streaming water.
     Fire-offering thence is yours, O Aśvins, Heroes: your car-wheels speed to us like springs of honey.

2. hot weather
3. sunshine

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of घर्म (gharmá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	घर्मः gharmáḥ	घर्मौ / घर्मा¹ gharmaú / gharmā́¹	घर्माः / घर्मासः¹ gharmā́ḥ / gharmā́saḥ¹
Vocative	घर्म ghárma	घर्मौ / घर्मा¹ ghármau / ghármā¹	घर्माः / घर्मासः¹ ghármāḥ / ghármāsaḥ¹
Accusative	घर्मम् gharmám	घर्मौ / घर्मा¹ gharmaú / gharmā́¹	घर्मान् gharmā́n
Instrumental	घर्मेण gharméṇa	घर्माभ्याम् gharmā́bhyām	घर्मैः / घर्मेभिः¹ gharmaíḥ / gharmébhiḥ¹
Dative	घर्माय gharmā́ya	घर्माभ्याम् gharmā́bhyām	घर्मेभ्यः gharmébhyaḥ
Ablative	घर्मात् gharmā́t	घर्माभ्याम् gharmā́bhyām	घर्मेभ्यः gharmébhyaḥ
Genitive	घर्मस्य gharmásya	घर्मयोः gharmáyoḥ	घर्माणाम् gharmā́ṇām
Locative	घर्मे gharmé	घर्मयोः gharmáyoḥ	घर्मेषु gharméṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: ghamma
• Ashokan Prakrit:
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma)
    • Assamese: ঘাম (gham)
    • Bengali: ঘাম (gham)
    • Sylheti: ꠊꠣꠝ (gámo)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma)
    • Konkani: घाम (ghām)
    • Old Marathi: 𑘑𑘰𑘦 (ghāma)
      • Marathi: घाम (ghām)
  • Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀔𑀫𑁆𑀫 (khamma)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Nepali: घाम (ghām)
    • Romani: kham
      • Caló: cam
• → Hindi: घर्म (gharm)
• → Urdu: گھرم (gharm)