summer

Wikipedia

See also Summer

English

Pronunciation

• (UK): IPA: /ˈsʌmə(ɹ)/, SAMPA: /"sVm@(r)/
• Rhymes: -ʌmə(r)
• (US): enPR: sŭmʹər, IPA: /ˈsʌmɚ/, SAMPA: /"sVm@`/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

Etymology 1

Old English sumor, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz (compare Dutch zomer, German Sommer, Old Norse sumar), from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥H- (compare Welsh ham, haf 'summer', Armenian ամ (am, “year”), ամառ (amaṙ, “summer”), Avestan hama 'in summer', Sanskrit समा (samā) 'half-year, year').

Noun

summer (plural summers)

1. One of four seasons, traditionally the second, marked by the longest and typically hottest days of the year due to the inclination of the Earth and thermal lag. Typically regarded as being from June 21 to September 20 in parts of the USA, and the months of December, January and February in the Southern Hemisphere.

   the heat of summer

Usage notes

• Note that season names are usually spelled in all lowercase letters in English. This is contrast to the days of the week and months of the year, which are always spelled with a capitalized first letter, for example Thursday or September.

Antonyms

• winter

Derived terms

terms derived from the noun summer

aftersummer All-Hallown Summer dog days of summer go-summer Great Summer Army have but a mile to midsummer high summer Hutchinson's summer prurigo, summer prurigo of Hutchinson Indian summer little summer of St Luke Martinmas summer midsummer net summer capability nuclear summer old wives' summer polar mesospheric summer echoes Red Summer Revolution Summer Russian spring-summer encephalitis Saint Luke's little summer, Saint Luke's summer, St Luke's little summer, St Luke's summer Saint Martin's summer, St Martin's summer snow-in-summer summer-ale summer and winter summer annual Summer Archbishop's Palace, Summer Archiepiscopal Palace summer associate summer asthma summer-barm summer bird summer bleeding summer-blink summer boarder summer break summer-broach summer camp summer capital summer catarrh summercater summer cholera summer-cloud Summer Coast summer cock summer cohosh summer cold summer colony summer colt, summer-colt summer complaint

Summercon summer coot summer cottage summer country summer crookneck summer cypress summer damask rose summer-day summer diarrhea, summer diarrhoea summer-dream summer duck summer-eat summer eggs summer encephalitis summer fallow, summer-fallow summer-fallowing Summerfest summer fever summer-field summer finch summer floor summer flounder summer-fold summer fool summer fruit tortrix moth summerful summer-game Summer Games Summer Garden summer-gauze, summer-goose summer grape summer grass summer hall summer haw summerhead summer-heat summer hemp summer-herring summer hit summer holiday summer holidays summer house, summer-house, summerhouse summer-hutch summer hyacinth summerish summerise, summerize Summer Isles summer itch summer kill summer kitchen summer lady Summerland

summer-land, summerland summerlay summer lea-land summer learning loss summer-lease summer-leding summerless summer lightning summer-like, summerlike summerling summer-long, summerlong summer-lord summerly summer master summer mastitis summer meal summer migrant summer monsoon summer number Summer of Hate Summer of Love Summer of Three Popes Summer Olympic Games summer-ova Summer Palace Summer Paralympics summer parlour summer pole summer pruning summer prurigo summer pudding summer queen, summer's queen summer queening summer range summer rape summer rash summer reading program summer red-bird, summer redbird summer redcap summer resort summer-ripe summer road summer roll summer-room summer rose summer rules summer-run fish summers summer sale summer sausage summer savory summer's bird summer school

summer's cloud summer's day summer season summer-seeming summer services summer sheldrake summer slide summer smog summer snake summer snipe summer snowflake summer-sob summer solstice summer sores summer soup summer spore summer spot summer squash, summer squash vine summer's tide summer's time summer-stirring summer stock summer sweet, summer-sweet summer tanager summer teal summer term summer theater, summer theatre summer-tide, summertide summer-tilth summer time summer-time, summertime summer top summer tree the Summer Triangle summer tulip summer vacation summer village summer visitor summerward, summerwards summer warbler summer-weight summer wheat summer-whiting summer wood, summerwood summer-work summer-worm summery summer-yellow summer yellowbird unsummered winter and summer the Year Without a Summer

Translations

hottest season

Afrikaans: sommer (af) Albanian: verë (sq) f. Arabic: صيف (ar) (ṣayf) m. Egyptian Arabic: صيف (sef) m. Armenian: ամառ (hy) (amaṙ) Old Armenian: ամառն (amaṙn) Aromanian: vearã Asturian: veranu (ast) m., branu (ast) m., verañu (ast) m. Azeri: yay (az) Bashkir: йәй (jəj) Basque: uda (eu) Belarusian: лета (be) (léta) n. Bengali: গ্রীষ্ম (bn) (grisshô) Bosnian: ljeto (bs) n. Breton: hañv (br) m. Bulgarian: лято (bg) (ljáto) n. Burmese: နွေရာသီ (my) (nweya-thi) Catalan: estiu (ca) m. Chinese: Mandarin: 夏天 (cmn) (xiàtiān), 夏季 (cmn) (xiàjì) Croatian: ljȅto (hr) n. Czech: léto (cs) n. Danish: sommer (da) Dutch: zomer (nl) m. Egyptian: šmw Esperanto: somero (eo) Estonian: suvi (et) Faroese: summar (fo) n. Finnish: kesä (fi), suvi (fi) French: été (fr) m. Galician: verán (gl) m. Georgian: ზაფხული (ka) (zap'xuli) German: Sommer (de) m. Old High German: sumar Greek: καλοκαίρι (el) (kalokaíri) n. Hebrew: קיץ (he) (káyits) m. Hindi: ग्रीष्म (hi) (grīśm) m., गर्मी (hi) (garmī) f., गर्मियां (hi) (garmiyā̃) f. pl. Hungarian: nyár (hu) Icelandic: sumar (is) n. Ido: somero Indonesian: musim panas (id) Interlingua: estate Inuktitut: ᐊᐅᔭ Irish: samhradh (ga) m. Italian: estate (it) f. Japanese: 夏 (ja) (なつ, natsu) Kazakh: жаз (kk) (jaz) Khmer: គិម្ហន្ត (km) (kɨmhɑn) Korean: 여름 (ko) (yeoreum) Kurdish: Kurmanji: havîn f. Sorani: هاوین Kyrgyz: жай (ky) (cay) Lao: ຣະດູຮ້ອນ (lo) (lādùː hɔ̂ːn) Latgalian: vosora f. Latin: aestas (la) Latvian: vasara (lv) f. Lithuanian: vasara (lt) f. Lower Sorbian: lěto n.

Luxembourgish: Summer (lb) m. Macedonian: лето (mk) (léto) n. Malay: musim panas (ms) Malayalam: വേനല്‍ക്കാലം (vEnalkkaalam) Maltese: sajf (mt) Maori: raumati Mongolian: зун (mn) (zun) Montagnais: nipin Navajo: shį́ Norwegian: sommer (no) Nynorsk: sommar (no), sumar (nn) Occitan: estiu (oc) m. Old Church Slavonic: лѣто (lěto) n. Old English: sumor (ang) m. Old French: esté m. Old Norse: sumarr m. Persian: تابستان (fa) (tâbestân), هامین (fa) (hâmin) Polish: lato (pl) n. Portuguese: verão (pt) m. Quechua: ruphay killa (qu) Romanian: vară (ro) f. Romansch: stad (rm) m. Russian: лето (ru) (léto) n. Sami: Northern: geassi Sanskrit: ऊष्ण (sa) (ūṣṇa) Scots: simmer Scottish Gaelic: samhradh m. Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: лето (sh) n., љето (sh) n. Roman: leto (sh) n., ljeto (sh) n. Sinhalese: ගිම්හාන ඍතුව (si) (gimhāna r̥tūva) Skolt Sami: ǩie´ss Slovak: leto (sk) n. Slovene: poletje (sl) n. Spanish: verano (es) m. Swahili: kiangazi (sw), majira ya joto (sw), kipindi cha kiangazi (sw) Swedish: sommar (sv) Tagalog: (hot season) tag-init (tl), (sunny season) tag-araw (tl) Tajik: тобистон (tg) (tobiston) Taos: pȉléna Tatar: җәй (tt) (cäy) Telugu: వేసవి (vaesavi), ఎండాకాలం (eMDaakaalaM) Thai: ฤดูร้อน (th) (réu-doo rón), เดือนร้อน (th) (deuan rón), ความเดือนร้อน (th) (kwaam deuan rón), หน้าร้อน (th) (nâa rón) Tibetan: དབྱར་ཀ (dbyara. ka) Turkish: yaz (tr) Turkmen: tomus (tk) Ukrainian: літо (uk) (líto) n. Upper Sorbian: lěto n. Urdu: گرمی (ur) (garmī) f., گریشم (ur) (grīśm) m., گرما (ur) (garmā) f., صيف (ur) (ṣaif) m. Uyghur: ياز (ug) Uzbek: yoz (uz) Vietnamese: mùa hè (vi), mùa hạ (vi) (務夏 (vi)), hạ (vi) (夏 (vi)) Volapük: hitüp (vo) Warlpiri: wanta Welsh: haf (cy) West Frisian: simmer Yiddish: זומער (yi) (zúmer) m.

Verb

summer (third-person singular simple present summers, present participle summering, simple past and past participle summered)

1. (intransitive) To spend the summer, as in a particular place on holiday.

   We like to summer in the Mediterranean.

Derived terms

terms derived from summer (verb)

summer and winter summer over

summering

Translations

spend the summer, as in a particular place on holiday

Catalan: estiuejar (ca) Croatian: ljȅtovati (hr) Finnish: viettää kesää Greek: παραθερίζω (el) (paratherízo), ξεκαλοκαιριάζω (el) (xekalokairiázo) Hungarian: nyaral (hu)

Macedonian: летува (mk) (létuva) Russian: проводить лето (ru) Serbian: letovati Spanish: veranear (es)

See also

• æstival, aestival, estival
• spring
• autumn (fall)
• winter

Etymology 2

From Anglo-Norman somer, sumer, from Vulgar Latin saumārius, for Latin sagmārius, from sagma (“sum”).

Noun

summer (plural summers)

1. (obsolete) A pack-horse.
2. A horizontal beam supporting a building.
   • 1603, John Florio, trans. Michel de Montaigne, Essays, I.43:

     And we are warned, that the foundation or maine summers of our houses faile and shrinke, when we see the quarters bend, or wals to breake.

Synonyms

• (horizontal beam): summer-tree

Translations

a horizontal beam supporting a building

Russian: балка (ru) f., брус (ru) m., перекладина (ru) f.

Derived terms

• breastsommer, breastsummer, bressomer, bressumer, bressummer, brestsummer
• summer bar
• summer-beam
• summer-castle
• summering
• summer-piece
• summer-stone
• summer-tower
• summer-tree, summertree
• summer-trestle
• transsummer

Etymology 3

sum +‎ -er

Noun

summer (plural summers)

1. A person who sums.

Derived terms

• summer-up

Statistics

• Most common English words before 1923: leaves · chair · date · #854: summer · simply · terrible · Tom