summer

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Contents

English [edit]

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Pronunciation [edit]

Etymology 1 [edit]

From Middle English somer, sumer, from Old English sumor (“summer”), from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz (“summer”), from Proto-Indo-European *sam-, *sem-, *sm̥-h₂-ó- (“summer, year”). Cognate with Scots somer, sumer, simer (“summer”), West Frisian simmer (“summer”), Saterland Frisian Suumer (“summer”), Dutch zomer (“summer”), Low German Sommer (“summer”), German Sommer (“summer”), Swedish sommar (“summer”), Icelandic sumar (“summer”), Welsh haf (“summer”), Armenian ամ (am, “year”), ամառ (amaṙ, “summer”), Sanskrit  (sámā, “a half-year, season, weather, year”).

Alternative forms [edit]

Noun [edit]

summer (plural summers)

  1. One of four seasons, traditionally the second, marked by the longest and typically hottest days of the year due to the inclination of the Earth and thermal lag. Typically regarded as being from June 21 to September 22 or 23 in parts of the USA, and the months of December, January and February in the Southern Hemisphere.
    the heat of summer
Usage notes [edit]
  • Note that season names are usually spelled in all lowercase letters in English. This is contrast to the days of the week and months of the year, which are always spelled with a capitalized first letter, for example Thursday or September.
Antonyms [edit]
Derived terms [edit]
terms derived from the noun summer
Translations [edit]
hottest season

Verb [edit]

summer (third-person singular simple present summers, present participle summering, simple past and past participle summered)

  1. (intransitive) To spend the summer, as in a particular place on holiday.
    We like to summer in the Mediterranean.
Derived terms [edit]
terms derived from summer (verb)
Translations [edit]
spend the summer, as in a particular place on holiday

See also [edit]

Etymology 2 [edit]

From Anglo-Norman somer, sumer, from Vulgar Latin saumārius, for Latin sagmārius, from sagma (“sum”).

Noun [edit]

summer (plural summers)

  1. (obsolete) A pack-horse.
  2. A horizontal beam supporting a building.
    • 1603, John Florio, trans. Michel de Montaigne, Essays, I.43:
      And we are warned, that the foundation or maine summers of our houses faile and shrinke, when we see the quarters bend, or wals to breake.
Synonyms [edit]
Translations [edit]
a horizontal beam supporting a building
Derived terms [edit]

Etymology 3 [edit]

to sum + -er

Noun [edit]

summer (plural summers)

  1. A person who sums.
Derived terms [edit]

Statistics [edit]

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