sum
Definition from Wiktionary, a free dictionary
Contents |
[edit] English
[edit] Pronunciation
[edit] Etymology 1
Middle English summe, from Old French, from Latin summa, feminine of summus (“‘highest’”).
[edit] Noun
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Singular |
Plural |
sum (plural sums)
- (arithmetic) A quantity obtained by addition or aggregation.
- The sum of 3 and 4 is 7.
- (arithmetic) An arithmetic computation, especially one posed to a student as an exercise (not necessarily limited to addition.)
- A quantity of money.
- A summary.
- A central idea or point.
- The utmost degree.
- (obsolete) An old English measure of corn equal to the quarter.
- 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 4, page 207:
- The sum is also used for the quarter, and the strike for the bushel.
- 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 4, page 207:
[edit] Synonyms
- (quantity obtained by addition or aggregation): amount, sum total, summation, total, totality
- (arithmetic computation): calculation, computation
- (quantity of money): amount, quantity of money, sum of money
- (summary): See summary
- (central idea or point): center/centre, core, essence, gist, heart, heart and soul, inwardness, kernel, marrow, meat, nub, nitty-gritty, pith substance
- (utmost degree): See summit
- (obsolete: old English measure of corn): quarter
[edit] Derived terms
[edit] Related terms
[edit] See also
[edit] Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
[edit] Verb
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Infinitive |
Third person singular |
Simple past |
Past participle |
Present participle |
to sum (third-person singular simple present sums, present participle summing, simple past and past participle summed)
- (transitive) To add together.
- (transitive) To give a summary of.
[edit] Synonyms
- (to add together): add, add together, add up, sum up, summate, tally, tot, tot up, total, tote up
- (to give a summary of): See summarize
[edit] Translations
[edit] Etymology 2
From Uzbek.
[edit] Noun
sum
- The basic unit of money in Kyrgyzstan.
- The basic unit of money in Uzbekistan.
[edit] Translations
[edit] External links
- sum in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
- sum in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
- sum at OneLook® Dictionary Search
[edit] Faroese
[edit] Conjunction
sum
[edit] Particle
sum (relative particle)
[edit] Synonyms
[edit] Icelandic
[edit] Adjective
sum
- the feminine nominative singular of sumur (“‘some’”)
- the neuter nominative plural of sumur (“‘some’”)
- the neuter accusative plural of sumur (“‘some’”)
[edit] Latin
[edit] Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“‘I am, I exist’”). Cognates include Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimi), Sanskrit अस्मि (ásmi), Old English eom (English am).
[edit] Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA: /sum/
- Audio (Classical)help, file
[edit] Verb
present active sum, present infinitive esse, perfect active fuī, future participle futūrus. (irregular)
- I am, exist.
- René Descartes
- Cogito, ergo sum.
- I think, therefore I am.
- Cogito, ergo sum.
- Catiline Orations by Cicero (Latin text and English translations may be found here, a parsed version is here)
- O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?.
- O ye immortal gods, where on earth are we? In what city are we living? What is the government we have?
- O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?.
- Sum sine regno
- I am without a kingdom.
- Sic sum ut vides.
- Thus I am as you see.
- Dixit duas res ei rubori fuisse.
- He said that two things had abashed him.
- Civis Romanus sum.
- I am a Roman citizen.
- René Descartes
[edit] Inflection
Irregular conjugation.
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | sum | es | est | sumus | estis | sunt |
| future | erō | eris | erit | erimus | eritis | erunt | |
| imperfect | eram | erās | erat | erāmus | erātis | erant | |
| perfect | fuī | fuistī | fuit | fuimus | fuistis | fuērunt | |
| pluperfect | fueram | fuerās | fuerat | fuerāmus | fuerātis | fuerant | |
| future perfect | fuerō | fueris | fuerit | fuerimus | fueritis | fuerint | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | sim | sīs | sit | sīmus | sītis | sint |
| imperfect | essem | essēs | esset | essēmus | essētis | essent | |
| perfect | fuerim | fuerīs | fuerit | fuerīmus | fuerītis | fuerint | |
| pluperfect | fuissem | fuissēs | fuisset | fuissēmus | fuissētis | fuissent | |
| imperatives | active | passive | |||||
| present (you) | future (you) | future (he/she) | present (you) | future (you) | future (he/she) | ||
| singular | es | estō | estō | — | — | — | |
| plural | este | estōte | suntō | — | — | — | |
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | esse | fuisse | futūrus esse | — | — | — | |
| participles | — | — | futūrus -ra, -rum | — | — | — | |
[edit] Derived terms
[edit] Descendants
[edit] Old English
[edit] Etymology
Proto-Germanic *sumaz, whence also Old High German sum, Old Norse sumr
[edit] Pronoun
sum n.
[edit] Descendants
- English: some
[edit] Polish
[edit] Pronunciation
[edit] Noun
sum m.
- (fish) European catfish
[edit] Declension
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | sum | sumy |
| Genitive | suma | sumów |
| Dative | sumowi | sumom |
| Accusative | suma | sumy |
| Instrumental | sumem | sumami |
| Locative | sumie | sumach |
| Vocative | sumie | sumy |
[edit] Shabo
[edit] Verb
sum
[edit] Slovene
[edit] Noun
sum m.