sum
Contents |
English [edit]
Pronunciation [edit]
Etymology 1 [edit]
Middle English summe, from Old French, from Latin summa, feminine of summus (“highest”).
Noun [edit]
sum (plural sums)
- A quantity obtained by addition or aggregation.
- The sum of 3 and 4 is 7.
- (often plural) An arithmetic computation, especially one posed to a student as an exercise (not necessarily limited to addition).
- We're learning about division, and the sums are tricky.
- A quantity of money.
- a tidy sum
- A summary.
- A central idea or point.
- The utmost degree.
- (obsolete) An old English measure of corn equal to the quarter.
- 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 4, page 207:
- The sum is also used for the quarter, and the strike for the bushel.
- 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 4, page 207:
Synonyms [edit]
- (quantity obtained by addition or aggregation): amount, sum total, summation, total, totality
- (arithmetic computation): calculation, computation
- (quantity of money): amount, quantity of money, sum of money
- (summary): See summary
- (central idea or point): center/centre, core, essence, gist, heart, heart and soul, inwardness, kernel, marrow, meat, nub, nitty-gritty, pith substance
- (utmost degree): See summit
- (obsolete: old English measure of corn): quarter
Derived terms [edit]
Related terms [edit]
See also [edit]
- addition, summation: (augend) + (addend) = (summand) + (summand) = (sum, total)
- subtraction: (minuend) − (subtrahend) = (difference)
- multiplication: (multiplier) × (multiplicand) = (factor) × (factor) = (product)
- division: (dividend) ÷ (divisor) = (quotient), remainder left over if divisor does not divide dividend
Translations [edit]
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Verb [edit]
sum (third-person singular simple present sums, present participle summing, simple past and past participle summed)
- (transitive) To add together.
- (transitive) To give a summary of.
Synonyms [edit]
- (to add together): add, add together, add up, sum up, summate, tally, tot, tot up, total, tote up
- (to give a summary of): See summarize
Translations [edit]
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Etymology 2 [edit]
From Uzbek.
Noun [edit]
sum (plural sums)
- The basic unit of money in Kyrgyzstan.
- The basic unit of money in Uzbekistan.
Translations [edit]
External links [edit]
- sum in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
- sum in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
- sum at OneLook Dictionary Search
Anagrams [edit]
Faroese [edit]
Conjunction [edit]
sum
Particle [edit]
sum (relative particle)
Synonyms [edit]
Gothic [edit]
Romanization [edit]
sum
- See 𐍃𐌿𐌼
Icelandic [edit]
Adjective [edit]
sum
- the feminine nominative singular of sumur (“some”)
- the neuter nominative plural of sumur (“some”)
- the neuter accusative plural of sumur (“some”)
Latin [edit]
Etymology [edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”). Cognates include Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimi), Sanskrit अस्मि (ásmi), Old English eom (English am).
Pronunciation [edit]
Verb [edit]
present active sum, present infinitive esse, perfect active fuī, future participle futūrus. (irregular)
- I am, exist.
- Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer
- Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto.
- I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.
- Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto.
- René Descartes
- Cogito, ergo sum.
- I think, therefore I am.
- Cogito, ergo sum.
- 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)
- O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?.
- O ye immortal gods, where on earth are we? What is the government we have? In what city do we live?
- O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?.
- Sum sine regno.
- I am without a kingdom.
- Sic sum ut vides.
- Thus I am as you see.
- Dixit duas res ei rubori fuisse.
- He said that two things had abashed him.
- Civis romanus sum.
- I am a Roman citizen.
- Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer
Inflection [edit]
Irregular conjugation.
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | sum | es | est | sumus | estis | sunt |
| future | erō | eris | erit | erimus | eritis | erunt | |
| imperfect | eram | erās | erat | erāmus | erātis | erant | |
| perfect | fuī | fuistī | fuit | fuimus | fuistis | fuērunt | |
| future perfect | fuerō | fueris | fuerit | fuerimus | fueritis | fuerint | |
| pluperfect | fueram | fuerās | fuerat | fuerāmus | fuerātis | fuerant | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | sim | sīs | sit | sīmus | sītis | sint |
| imperfect | essem | essēs | esset | essēmus | essētis | essent | |
| perfect | fuerim | fuerīs | fuerit | fuerīmus | fuerītis | fuerint | |
| pluperfect | fuissem | fuissēs | fuisset | fuissēmus | fuissētis | fuissent | |
| imperatives | active | passive | |||||
| present (you) | future (you) | future (he/she) | present (you) | future (you) | future (he/she) | ||
| singular | es | estō | estō | — | — | — | |
| plural | este | estōte | suntō | — | — | — | |
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | esse | fuisse | fore, futūrus esse | — | — | — | |
| participles | — | — | futūrus -ra, -rum | — | — | — | |
Derived terms [edit]
Descendants [edit]
Lojban [edit]
Rafsi [edit]
sum
Norwegian [edit]
Etymology 1 [edit]
Noun [edit]
sum
- a sum (addition or aggregation)
- (Bokmål) Hva er summen av 2+2?
- (Nynorsk) Kva er summen av 2+2?
- What's the sum of 2+2?
- a sum (amount of money)
Inflection [edit]
References [edit]
- “sum” in The Bokmål Dictionary / The Nynorsk Dictionary – Dokumentasjonsprosjektet.
Etymology 2 [edit]
Noun [edit]
sum n (definite singular summet)
- buzz (continuous noise)
References [edit]
- “sum” in The Bokmål Dictionary / The Nynorsk Dictionary – Dokumentasjonsprosjektet.
Norwegian Nynorsk [edit]
Etymology 1 [edit]
Noun [edit]
sum n (definite singular sumet; indefinite plural sum; definite plural suma)
- an act of swimming
- Dei la på sum utover mot holmen.
- They started swimming towards the holm.
- Dei la på sum utover mot holmen.
References [edit]
- “sum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary – Dokumentasjonsprosjektet.
Etymology 2 [edit]
From Old Norse sumr.
Alternative forms [edit]
- som (main form)
Pronoun [edit]
sum m (feminine sum, neuter sumt, plural sume)
- some
- Sumt av det er nytt, resten er ved det gamle.
- Some of it is new, the rest is like it used to be.
- Sumt av det er nytt, resten er ved det gamle.
References [edit]
- “sum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary – Dokumentasjonsprosjektet.
Old English [edit]
Etymology [edit]
Proto-Germanic *sumaz, whence also Old High German sum, Old Norse sumr
Pronoun [edit]
sum n
Descendants [edit]
- English: some
Polish [edit]
Pronunciation [edit]
Noun [edit]
sum m
- European catfish
Declension [edit]
Shabo [edit]
Verb [edit]
sum
Slovene [edit]
Noun [edit]
sum m inan.
- English terms with homophones
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English verbs
- English terms derived from Uzbek
- en:Mathematics
- Faroese conjunctions
- Faroese particles
- Gothic romanizations
- Icelandic pronoun forms
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin verbs
- Latin irregular verbs
- Lojban rafsi
- Norwegian nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk pronouns
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English pronouns
- Polish nouns
- pl:Fish
- Shabo verbs
- Slovene nouns
- Slovene masculine inanimate nouns