sum

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See also šum, and -sum

Contents

English [edit]

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Wikipedia

Pronunciation [edit]

Etymology 1 [edit]

Middle English summe, from Old French, from Latin summa, feminine of summus (“highest”).

Noun [edit]

sum (plural sums)

  1. A quantity obtained by addition or aggregation.
    The sum of 3 and 4 is 7.
  2. (often plural) An arithmetic computation, especially one posed to a student as an exercise (not necessarily limited to addition).
    We're learning about division, and the sums are tricky.
  3. A quantity of money.
    a tidy sum
  4. A summary.
  5. A central idea or point.
  6. The utmost degree.
  7. (obsolete) An old English measure of corn equal to the quarter.
    • 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 4, page 207:
      The sum is also used for the quarter, and the strike for the bushel.
Synonyms [edit]
Derived terms [edit]
Related terms [edit]
See also [edit]
Translations [edit]
quantity obtained by addition or aggregation
arithmetic problem
quantity of money
summary — see summary
central idea or point
summit — see summit
obsolete: old English measure of corn
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb [edit]

sum (third-person singular simple present sums, present participle summing, simple past and past participle summed)

  1. (transitive) To add together.
    • 2005, Plato, Sophist. Translation by Lesley Brown. 250b.
      when you say that stability and change are, it's because you're summing them up together as embraced by it, and taking note of the communion each of them has with being.
  2. (transitive) To give a summary of.
Synonyms [edit]
Translations [edit]
to add together
give a summary of — see summarize

Etymology 2 [edit]

From Uzbek.

Noun [edit]

sum (plural sums)

  1. The basic unit of money in Kyrgyzstan.
  2. The basic unit of money in Uzbekistan.
Translations [edit]
basic unit of money in Kyrgyzstan
basic unit of money in Uzbekistan

External links [edit]

Anagrams [edit]

Faroese [edit]

Conjunction [edit]

sum

  1. like, as
  2. when, as

Particle [edit]

sum (relative particle)

  1. that, who, which

Synonyms [edit]

Gothic [edit]

Romanization [edit]

sum

  1. See 𐍃𐌿𐌼

Icelandic [edit]

Adjective [edit]

sum

  1. the feminine nominative singular of sumur (“some”)
  2. the neuter nominative plural of sumur (“some”)
  3. the neuter accusative plural of sumur (“some”)
    Ég þekkti sum barnanna.
    I knew some of the children.

Latin [edit]

Etymology [edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”). Cognates include Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimi), Sanskrit अस्मि (ásmi), Old English eom (English am).

Pronunciation [edit]

Verb [edit]

present active sum, present infinitive esse, perfect active fuī, future participle futūrus. (irregular)

  1. I am, exist.
    • Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer
      Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto.
      I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.
    • René Descartes
      Cogito, ergo sum.
      I think, therefore I am.
    • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)
      O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?.
      O ye immortal gods, where on earth are we? What is the government we have? In what city do we live?
    Sum sine regno.
    I am without a kingdom.
    Sic sum ut vides.
    Thus I am as you see.
    Dixit duas res ei rubori fuisse.
    He said that two things had abashed him.
    Civis romanus sum.
    I am a Roman citizen.

Inflection [edit]

Irregular conjugation.

    Irregular
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present sum es est sumus estis sunt
future erō eris erit erimus eritis erunt
imperfect eram erās erat erāmus erātis erant
perfect fuī fuistī fuit fuimus fuistis fuērunt
future perfect fuerō fueris fuerit fuerimus fueritis fuerint
pluperfect fueram fuerās fuerat fuerāmus fuerātis fuerant
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present sim sīs sit sīmus sītis sint
imperfect essem essēs esset essēmus essētis essent
perfect fuerim fuerīs fuerit fuerīmus fuerītis fuerint
pluperfect fuissem fuissēs fuisset fuissēmus fuissētis fuissent
imperatives active passive
present (you) future (you) future (he/she) present (you) future (you) future (he/she)
singular es estō estō — — —
plural este estōte suntō — — —
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives esse fuisse fore, futūrus esse — — —
participles — — futūrus -ra, -rum — — —

Derived terms [edit]

Descendants [edit]

Lojban [edit]

Rafsi [edit]

sum

  1. rafsi of sumti.

Norwegian [edit]

Etymology 1 [edit]

Noun [edit]

sum

  1. a sum (addition or aggregation)
    (Bokmål) Hva er summen av 2+2?
    (Nynorsk) Kva er summen av 2+2?
    What's the sum of 2+2?
  2. a sum (amount of money)
Inflection [edit]
    Inflection of sum
indefinite singular definite singular indefinite plural definite plural
Bokmål m sum summen summer summene
Nynorsk m sum summen summar summane
References [edit]
  • “sum” in The Bokmål Dictionary / The Nynorsk Dictionary – Dokumentasjonsprosjektet.

Etymology 2 [edit]

Noun [edit]

sum n (definite singular summet)

  1. buzz (continuous noise)
References [edit]
  • “sum” in The Bokmål Dictionary / The Nynorsk Dictionary – Dokumentasjonsprosjektet.

Norwegian Nynorsk [edit]

Etymology 1 [edit]

Noun [edit]

sum n (definite singular sumet; indefinite plural sum; definite plural suma)

  1. an act of swimming
    Dei la på sum utover mot holmen.
    They started swimming towards the holm.
References [edit]
  • “sum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary – Dokumentasjonsprosjektet.

Etymology 2 [edit]

From Old Norse sumr.

Alternative forms [edit]

  • som (main form)

Pronoun [edit]

sum m (feminine sum, neuter sumt, plural sume)

  1. some
    Sumt av det er nytt, resten er ved det gamle.
    Some of it is new, the rest is like it used to be.
References [edit]
  • “sum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary – Dokumentasjonsprosjektet.

Old English [edit]

Etymology [edit]

Proto-Germanic *sumaz, whence also Old High German sum, Old Norse sumr

Pronoun [edit]

sum n

  1. some

Descendants [edit]

Polish [edit]

sum (a catfish, Silurus glanis)

Pronunciation [edit]

Noun [edit]

sum m

  1. European catfish

Declension [edit]

    declension of sum
singular plural
nominative sum sumy
genitive suma sumów
dative sumowi sumom
accusative suma sumy
instrumental sumem sumami
locative sumie sumach
vocative sumie sumy

Shabo [edit]

Verb [edit]

sum

  1. say

Slovene [edit]

Noun [edit]

sum m inan.

  1. suspicion, mistrust
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