प्रमाण

See also: परमाणु and परिमाण

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रमाण (pramāṇa). Doublet of फ़रमान (farmān).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /pɾə.mɑːɳ/, [pɾɐ.mä̃ːɳ]

Noun

प्रमाण • (pramāṇ) m (Urdu spelling پرمان)

1. proof, evidence, vindication, authentication, attestation

   Synonym: सबूत (sabūt)

   उसके प्रमाण पर आपत्ति मत करो।

   uske pramāṇ par āpatti mat karo.

   Do not question his proof.

2. measure, rate, scale, magnitude, standard (whether of weight, length, or capacity)

Declension

Declension of प्रमाण (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	प्रमाण pramāṇ	प्रमाण pramāṇ
oblique	प्रमाण pramāṇ	प्रमाणों pramāṇõ
vocative	प्रमाण pramāṇ	प्रमाणो pramāṇo

Derived terms

• प्रमाण करना (pramāṇ karnā)
• प्रमाणकर्ता (pramāṇkartā)
• प्रमाण-पुरुष (pramāṇ-puruṣ)
• प्रमाणभूत (pramāṇbhūt)

References

• Platts, John T. (1884) “प्रमाण”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• প্ৰমাণ (Assamese script)
• ᬧ᭄ᬭᬫᬵᬡ (Balinese script)
• প্রমাণ (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰿𑰨𑰦𑰯𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀫𑀸𑀡 (Brahmi script)
• ပြမာဏ (Burmese script)
• પ્રમાણ (Gujarati script)
• ਪ੍ਰਮਾਣ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑍍𑌰𑌮𑌾𑌣 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦿꦩꦴꦟ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂹𑂩𑂧𑂰𑂝 (Kaithi script)
• ಪ್ರಮಾಣ (Kannada script)
• ប្រមាណ (Khmer script)
• ປ຺ຣມາຓ (Lao script)
• പ്രമാണ (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᡵᠠᠮᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘿𑘨𑘦𑘰𑘜 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠷᠠᠮᠠᢗᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧠𑧈𑧆𑧑𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐩𑐵𑐞 (Newa script)
• ପ୍ରମାଣ (Odia script)
• ꢦ꣄ꢬꢪꢵꢠ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑇀𑆫𑆩𑆳𑆟 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖿𑖨𑖦𑖯𑖜 (Siddham script)
• ප්‍රමාණ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰 𑪙𑩼𑩴𑩛𑩪 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚶𑚤𑚢𑚭𑚘 (Takri script)
• ப்ரமாண (Tamil script)
• ప్రమాణ (Telugu script)
• ปฺรมาณ (Thai script)
• པྲ་མཱ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑓂𑒩𑒧𑒰𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑩇𑨫𑨢𑨊𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pramaHnam, from *pra- +‎ *maHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁nom, from *meh₁- (“to measure”). Cognate with Old Persian 𐎳𐎼𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎠 (framānā); see New Persian فرمان (farmân, “decree”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɾɐ.mɑː.ɳɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /pɾɐˈmɑː.ɳɐ/

Noun

प्रमाण • (pramāṇa) stem, n

1. proof, authority; any proof, testimony, or evidence
2. measurement, dimensions, length; measure of any kind
3. accordance of the movements in dancing with music and song

Descendants

• Pali: pramana
• Prakrit: 𑀧𑀫𑀸𑀡 (pamāṇa)
  • Central:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit:
      • Gujarati: પરમાણ (parmāṇ)
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Bengali: পানা (pana)
  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: ފުރަމާނަ (furamāna)
      • Sinhalese: ප්‍රමාණය (pramāṇaya)
  • Western:
    • Takka Apabhramsa:
      • Punjabi: parmāṇ

        Gurmukhi script: ਪਰਮਾਣ

        Shahmukhi script: پَرمَاݨ

• → Old Javanese: pramāṇa
  • Javanese: ꦥꦿꦩꦤ (pramana)
    • → Indonesian: Pramono
  • → Balinese: ᬧ᭄ᬭᬫᬡ (pramana)

References

• “Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎^[1], 2012 January 6 (last accessed)
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pramana”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 492