वृषभ

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृषभ (vṛṣabha)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋɾu.ʂəbʱ/

Noun

वृषभ • (vŕṣabh) m

1. a bull (used as an epithet of various gods in the Vedas)
2. (astrology) the zodiacal sign Taurus

See also

Zodiac signs in Marathi · राशी (rāśī) (layout · text)
मेष (meṣ)	वृषभ (vŕṣabh)	मिथुन (mithun)	कर्क (karka)
सिंह (siuha)	कन्या (kanyā)	तूळ (tūḷ)	वृश्चिक (vŕścik)
धनु (dhanu)	मकर (makar)	कुंभ (kumbha)	मीन (mīn)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱৃষভ (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬺᬱᬪ (Balinese script)
• বৃষভ (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰴𑰬𑰥 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀾𑀱𑀪 (Brahmi script)
• ဝၖၑဘ (Burmese script)
• વૃષભ (Gujarati script)
• ਵ੍ਰਸ਼ਭ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑍃𑌷𑌭 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦽꦰꦨ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑃂𑂭𑂦 (Kaithi script)
• ವೃಷಭ (Kannada script)
• វ្ឫឞភ (Khmer script)
• ວ຺ຣິຩຠ (Lao script)
• വൃഷഭ (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᡵᡳᢢᠠᢨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘵𑘬𑘥 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠷᠢᢔᠠᠪᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧖𑧌𑧅 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐺𑐲𑐨 (Newa script)
• ଵୃଷଭ (Odia script)
• ꢮꢺꢰꢩ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆸𑆰𑆨 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖴𑖬𑖥 (Siddham script)
• වෘෂභ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩙𑪀𑩳 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚡 (Takri script)
• வ்ரிஷப⁴ (Tamil script)
• వృషభ (Telugu script)
• วฺฤษภ (Thai script)
• ཝྲྀ་ཥ་བྷ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒵𑒭𑒦 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨯𑨡 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(w)r̥šabʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥sn̥-bʰó-s, from *wérsēn (“male animal; manly man”).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬀𐬥 (ar^əšan), Ancient Greek ἄρσην (ársēn), Latin verrēs. Also related to ऋषभ (ṛṣabhá), वृषन् (vṛṣan).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋr̩.ʂɐ.bʱɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈʋr̩.ʂɐ.bʱɐ/

Noun

वृषभ • (vṛṣabhá) stem, m

1. a bull (used as an epithet of various gods in the Vedas)
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.31.5:

     त्वम॑ग्ने वृष॒भः पु॑ष्टि॒वर्ध॑न॒ उद्य॑तस्रुचे भवसि श्र॒वाय्य॑:।
     य आहु॑तिं॒ परि॒ वेदा॒ वष॑ट्कृति॒मेका॑यु॒रग्रे॒ विश॑ आ॒विवा॑ससि॥

     tvámagne vṛṣabháḥ puṣṭivárdhana údyatasruce bhavasi śravā́yya:.
     yá ā́hutiṃ pári védā váṣaṭkṛtimékāyurágre víśa āvívāsasi.

     Thou, Agni, art a Bull who makes our store increase, to be invoked by him who lifts the ladle up.
     Well knowing the oblation with the hallowing word, uniting all who live, thou lightenest first our folk.

2. the chief, most excellent or eminent, lord or best among (in later language mostly at the end of a compound, or with genitive)
3. (astrology) the zodiacal sign Taurus
4. a particular drug (described as a root brought from the Himalaya mountains, resembling the horn of a bull, of cooling and tonic properties, and serviceable in catarrh and consumption)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of वृषभ (vṛṣabhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	वृषभः vṛṣabháḥ	वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhaú / vṛṣabhā́¹	वृषभाः / वृषभासः¹ vṛṣabhā́ḥ / vṛṣabhā́saḥ¹
Vocative	वृषभ vṛ́ṣabha	वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛ́ṣabhau / vṛ́ṣabhā¹	वृषभाः / वृषभासः¹ vṛ́ṣabhāḥ / vṛ́ṣabhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	वृषभम् vṛṣabhám	वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhaú / vṛṣabhā́¹	वृषभान् vṛṣabhā́n
Instrumental	वृषभेण vṛṣabhéṇa	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभैः / वृषभेभिः¹ vṛṣabhaíḥ / vṛṣabhébhiḥ¹
Dative	वृषभाय vṛṣabhā́ya	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ
Ablative	वृषभात् vṛṣabhā́t	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ
Genitive	वृषभस्य vṛṣabhásya	वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ	वृषभाणाम् vṛṣabhā́ṇām
Locative	वृषभे vṛṣabhé	वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ	वृषभेषु vṛṣabhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Adjective

वृषभ • (vṛṣabhá) stem

1. manly, mighty, vigorous, strong
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.33.8:

     प्र ब॒भ्रवे॑ वृष॒भाय॑ श्विती॒चे म॒हो म॒हीं सु॑ष्टु॒तिमी॑रयामि। न॒म॒स्या क॑ल्मली॒किनं॒ नमो॑भिर्गृणी॒मसि॑ त्वे॒षं रु॒द्रस्य॒ नाम॑॥

     prá babhráve vṛṣabhā́ya śvitīcé mahó mahī́ṃ suṣṭutímīrayāmi. namasyā́ kalmalīkínaṃ námobhirgṛṇīmási tveṣáṃ rudrásya nā́ma.

     To him the strong, great, tawny, fair-complexioned, I utter forth a mighty hymn of praises.
     We serve the brilliant God with adorations, we glorify, the splendid name of Rudra.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of वृषभ (vṛṣabhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	वृषभः vṛṣabháḥ	वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhaú / vṛṣabhā́¹	वृषभाः / वृषभासः¹ vṛṣabhā́ḥ / vṛṣabhā́saḥ¹
Vocative	वृषभ vṛ́ṣabha	वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛ́ṣabhau / vṛ́ṣabhā¹	वृषभाः / वृषभासः¹ vṛ́ṣabhāḥ / vṛ́ṣabhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	वृषभम् vṛṣabhám	वृषभौ / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhaú / vṛṣabhā́¹	वृषभान् vṛṣabhā́n
Instrumental	वृषभेण vṛṣabhéṇa	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभैः / वृषभेभिः¹ vṛṣabhaíḥ / vṛṣabhébhiḥ¹
Dative	वृषभाय vṛṣabhā́ya	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ
Ablative	वृषभात् vṛṣabhā́t	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ
Genitive	वृषभस्य vṛṣabhásya	वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ	वृषभाणाम् vṛṣabhā́ṇām
Locative	वृषभे vṛṣabhé	वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ	वृषभेषु vṛṣabhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of वृषभा (vṛṣabhā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	वृषभा vṛṣabhā́	वृषभे vṛṣabhé	वृषभाः vṛṣabhā́ḥ
Vocative	वृषभे vṛ́ṣabhe	वृषभे vṛ́ṣabhe	वृषभाः vṛ́ṣabhāḥ
Accusative	वृषभाम् vṛṣabhā́m	वृषभे vṛṣabhé	वृषभाः vṛṣabhā́ḥ
Instrumental	वृषभया / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabháyā / vṛṣabhā́¹	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभाभिः vṛṣabhā́bhiḥ
Dative	वृषभायै vṛṣabhā́yai	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभाभ्यः vṛṣabhā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	वृषभायाः / वृषभायै² vṛṣabhā́yāḥ / vṛṣabhā́yai²	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभाभ्यः vṛṣabhā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	वृषभायाः / वृषभायै² vṛṣabhā́yāḥ / vṛṣabhā́yai²	वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ	वृषभाणाम् vṛṣabhā́ṇām
Locative	वृषभायाम् vṛṣabhā́yām	वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ	वृषभासु vṛṣabhā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of वृषभ (vṛṣabhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	वृषभम् vṛṣabhám	वृषभे vṛṣabhé	वृषभाणि / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhā́ṇi / vṛṣabhā́¹
Vocative	वृषभ vṛ́ṣabha	वृषभे vṛ́ṣabhe	वृषभाणि / वृषभा¹ vṛ́ṣabhāṇi / vṛ́ṣabhā¹
Accusative	वृषभम् vṛṣabhám	वृषभे vṛṣabhé	वृषभाणि / वृषभा¹ vṛṣabhā́ṇi / vṛṣabhā́¹
Instrumental	वृषभेण vṛṣabhéṇa	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभैः / वृषभेभिः¹ vṛṣabhaíḥ / vṛṣabhébhiḥ¹
Dative	वृषभाय vṛṣabhā́ya	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ
Ablative	वृषभात् vṛṣabhā́t	वृषभाभ्याम् vṛṣabhā́bhyām	वृषभेभ्यः vṛṣabhébhyaḥ
Genitive	वृषभस्य vṛṣabhásya	वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ	वृषभाणाम् vṛṣabhā́ṇām
Locative	वृषभे vṛṣabhé	वृषभयोः vṛṣabháyoḥ	वृषभेषु vṛṣabhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Descendants

• → Pali: vasabha
• Northern:
  • Nepali: बसाबा (basābā)
• Southern:
  • Dhivehi: އިސަބަ (isaba)
  • Sinhalese: වැහැප් (wæhæp, “ox, steer”)
  • Marathi: वसू (vasū)
• Eastern:
  • Bhojpuri: बसहा (basᵊhā)
  • Maithili: बसह (basah)
• Western:
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀲𑀳 (vasaha)
    • → Kannada: ಬಸವ (basava)
      • → Tamil: வசவன் (vacavaṉ)
• Central:
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀲𑀳 (vasaha)
    • Hindi: बसह (basah)
    • Old Awadhi: बसह (basah)
• → Burmese: ပြိဿ (pri.ssa.)
• → Khmer: ព្រឹសភៈ (prɨhphĕəʼ)
• → Telugu: వృషభము (vr̥ṣabhamu)
• → Thai: พฤษภ (prʉ́-sòp)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “वृषभ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1012.
• Alexander Lubotsky, A Rgvedic Word Concordance, American Oriental Society, 1997, lemma vṛṣabhá