洒落る

Japanese[edit]

Semantic shift from 曝(しゃ)れる (shareru),^[1]^[2] itself a phonetic shift from 曝(さ)れる (sareru).^[3]

Alternatively, derived from the classical lower bigrade conjugation verb 戯(さ)る (saru), from which 戯(ざ)れる (zareru) is also derived.^[4]

First cited to a text from 1660.^[4]

Stem forms
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	洒落る	しゃれる	`[shàrérú]`
Imperative (命令形)	洒落ろ	しゃれろ	`[shàréró]`
Key constructions
Passive	洒落られる	しゃれられる	`[shàrérárérú]`
Causative	洒落させる	しゃれさせる	`[shàrésásérú]`
Potential	-	-	-
Volitional	洒落よう	しゃれよー	`[shàréyóꜜò]`
Negative	洒落ない	しゃれない	`[shàrénáí]`
Negative perfective	洒落なかった	しゃれなかった	`[shàrénáꜜkàttà]`
Formal	洒落ます	しゃれます	`[shàrémáꜜsù]`
Perfective	洒落た	しゃれた	`[shàrétá]`
Conjunctive	洒落て	しゃれて	`[shàrété]`
Hypothetical conditional	洒落れば	しゃれれば	`[shàréréꜜbà]`

洒落(しゃれ)る • (shareru) intransitive ichidan (stem 洒落(しゃれ) (share), past 洒落(しゃれ)た (shareta))

[from 1660] to be stylish or smart in appearance and manner
[from 1787] to joke, to be witty
[from 1830s] (in modern usage, often in the past tense form しゃれた) to be flippant, to be saucy, impertinent

Conjugation of "洒落る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	洒落	しゃれ	share
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	洒落	しゃれ	share
Shūshikei ("terminal")	洒落る	しゃれる	shareru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	洒落る	しゃれる	shareru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	洒落れ	しゃれれ	sharere
Meireikei ("imperative")	洒落よ¹ 洒落ろ²	しゃれよ¹ しゃれろ²	shareyo¹ sharero²
Key constructions
Passive	洒落られる	しゃれられる	sharerareru
Causative	洒落させる洒落さす	しゃれさせるしゃれさす	sharesaseru sharesasu
Potential	洒落られる洒落れる³	しゃれられるしゃれれる³	sharerareru sharereru³
Volitional	洒落よう	しゃれよう	shareyō
Negative	洒落ない洒落ぬ洒落ん	しゃれないしゃれぬしゃれん	sharenai sharenu sharen
Negative continuative	洒落ず	しゃれず	sharezu
Formal	洒落ます	しゃれます	sharemasu
Perfective	洒落た	しゃれた	shareta
Conjunctive	洒落て	しゃれて	sharete
Hypothetical conditional	洒落れば	しゃれれば	sharereba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
^ “洒落る”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 “洒落”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN