나쁘다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 낟ᄇᆞ다〮 (Yale: nàt-pò-tá), equivalent to unattested verb *낟다〮 (Yale: *nàt-tá) + ᄫᆞ (Yale: -Wo-, adjective-deriving suffix). Middle Korean meaning: "to be insufficient".

Later largely displaced 궂다〮 (Yale: kwùc-tá), the Middle Korean generic word for "bad", nowadays used mainly in reference to the weather and in idiomatic expressions. The original meaning was replaced by Sino-Korean 부족(不足)하다 (bujokhada, “to be insufficient”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [na̠p͈ɯda̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [나쁘다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	nappeuda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	na'ppeuda
McCune–Reischauer?	nappŭda
Yale Romanization?	na.pputa

Adjective

나쁘다 • (nappeuda) (infinitive 나빠, sequential 나쁘니)

1. to be bad (various meanings)
   1. to be bad; to be unpleasant; to be disagreeable; to be of inferior quality

      Antonym: 좋다 (jota)

      기분 나쁜 날 ― gibun nappeun nal ― day with a bad mood

      이 나라는 살기 나쁜 나라다.

      I nara-neun salgi nappeun narada.

      This country is a bad country to live in.

   2. to be bad; to be evil; to be ill-natured

      Synonym: 악(惡)하다 (akhada)

      Antonyms: 좋다 (jota), 착하다 (chakhada)

      나쁜 인간 ― nappeun in'gan ― bad fellow

   3. to be bad, to be immoral

      Antonyms: 좋다 (jota), 옳다 (olta)

      나쁜 짓을 하다 ― nappeun jis-eul hada ― to do something bad

   4. to be in the wrong; to be (morally) blamable

      내가 나빴어.

      Naega nappasseo.

      It's my fault.

   5. to be bad, to be harmful

      Antonym: 좋다 (jota)

      이 날씨는 농작물에 나쁘다.

      I nalssi-neun nongjangmur-e nappeuda.

      This weather is bad for the crops.

   6. to be bad; to be frail; to be weak

      Antonym: 좋다 (jota)

      심장이 나쁘다 ― simjang-i nappeuda ― to have a bad heart

2. (archaic, original meaning) to be insufficient; to be inadequate

   Synonyms: 부족(不足)하다 (bujokhada), 모자라다 (mojarada)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 나쁘다 (nappeuda): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	나쁘다 nappeuda	나빠 nappa	나빠요 nappayo	나쁩니다 nappeumnida
	Past	나빴다 nappatda	나빴어 nappasseo	나빴어요 nappasseoyo	나빴습니다 nappatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	나쁘냐 nappeunya	나빠 nappa	나빠요 nappayo	나쁩니까 nappeumnikka
	Past	나빴냐 nappannya	나빴어 nappasseo	나빴어요 nappasseoyo	나빴습니까 nappatseumnikka
Assertive		나쁘겠다 nappeugetda	나쁘겠어 nappeugesseo	나쁘겠어요 nappeugesseoyo	나쁘겠습니다 nappeugetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		나빠 nappa	나빠서 nappaseo	나쁘니 nappeuni	나쁘니까 nappeunikka
Contrast		나쁘지만 nappeujiman	나쁜데 nappeunde	나쁘더니 nappeudeoni
Conjunction		나쁘고 nappeugo
Condition		나쁘면 nappeumyeon	나빠야 nappaya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		나쁨 nappeum	나쁘기 nappeugi
Past-tense verbal nouns		나빴음 nappasseum	나빴기 nappatgi
Determiners	Present		나쁜 nappeun
	Future		나쁠 nappeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	나쁘시다 nappeusida	나쁘셔 nappeusyeo	나쁘세요, 나쁘셔요 nappeuseyo, nappeusyeoyo	나쁘십니다 nappeusimnida
	Past	나쁘셨다 nappeusyeotda	나쁘셨어 nappeusyeosseo	나쁘셨어요 nappeusyeosseoyo	나쁘셨습니다 nappeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	나쁘시냐 nappeusinya	나쁘셔 nappeusyeo	나쁘세요, 나쁘셔요 nappeuseyo, nappeusyeoyo	나쁘십니까 nappeusimnikka
	Past	나쁘셨냐 nappeusyeonnya	나쁘셨어 nappeusyeosseo	나쁘셨어요 nappeusyeosseoyo	나쁘셨습니까 nappeusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		나쁘시겠다 nappeusigetda	나쁘시겠어 nappeusigesseo	나쁘시겠어요 nappeusigesseoyo	나쁘시겠습니다 nappeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		나쁘셔 nappeusyeo	나쁘셔서 nappeusyeoseo	나쁘시니 nappeusini	나쁘시니까 nappeusinikka
Contrast		나쁘시지만 nappeusijiman	나쁘신데 nappeusinde	나쁘시더니 nappeusideoni
Conjunction		나쁘시고 nappeusigo
Condition		나쁘시면 nappeusimyeon	나쁘셔야 nappeusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		나쁘심 nappeusim	나쁘시기 nappeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		나쁘셨음 nappeusyeosseum	나쁘셨기 nappeusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		나쁘신 nappeusin
	Future		나쁘실 nappeusil