èstre

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan esser, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

Pronunciation

• (Niçard) IPA^(key): [ˈɛs.tʀe]
• (Auvergne) IPA^(key): [ˈɛ.tʁə]
• (Auvergne) IPA^(key): [ˈɛst]

• Audio (Languedoc):

  (file)

Verb

èstre

1. (Niçard, Auvergne) alternative form of èsser

Conjugation

    Niçard

		simple			compound
infinitive		èstre [ˈɛstʀe]			èstre estat [(e)sˈta(te)]
gerund		estènt [(e)sˈtɛ̃ŋ]			use gerund of èstre + past participle
past participle		estat [(e)sˈta(te)]			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	eu, ela	nautres	vautres	elu, eli
	present	siáu [ˈsjeu̯]	siás [ˈsjɛs]	es [ˈes]	sièm, siam2 [ˈsjɛ̃ŋ], [ˈsjãŋ]	siètz, siatz2 [ˈsjɛs], [ˈsjas]	son [ˈsũŋ]
	imperfect	èri [ˈɛʀi]	ères [ˈɛʀes]	èra [ˈɛʀa]	eravam [eʀaˈvãŋ]	eravatz [eʀaˈvas]	èron [ˈɛʀu(ŋ)]
	preterite1	siguèri, foguèri1 [siˈɡɛʀi], [fuˈɡɛʀi]	siguères, foguères1 [siˈɡɛʀes], [fuˈɡɛʀes]	siguèt, foguèt1 [siˈɡɛ], [fuˈɡɛ]	sigueriam, fogueriam1 [siɡeˈʀjãŋ], [fuɡeˈʀjãŋ]	sigueriatz, fogueriatz1 [siɡeˈʀjas], [fuɡeˈʀjas]	siguèron, foguèron1 [siˈɡɛʀu(ŋ)], [fuˈɡɛʀu(ŋ)]
	future	serai [seˈʀai̯]	seràs [seˈʀas]	serà [seˈʀa]	serèm [seˈʀɛ̃ŋ]	serètz [seˈʀɛs]	seràn [seˈʀãŋ]
	conditional	serii [seˈʀiji]	series [seˈʀijes]	seria [seˈʀija]	seriavam [seʀjaˈvãŋ]	seriavatz [seʀjaˈvas]	serion [seˈʀiju(ŋ)]
	conditional 2nd form2
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of èstre + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of èstre + past participle
	past anterior1	use the preterite tense of èstre + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of èstre + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of èstre + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que eu, ela	que nautres	que vautres	que elu, eli
	present	sigui [ˈsiɡi]	sigues [ˈsiɡes]	sigue [ˈsiɡe]	siguem [siˈɡẽŋ]	siguetz [siˈɡes]	sigon [ˈsiɡu(ŋ)]
	imperfect	siguessi, foguessi1 [siˈɡesi], [fuˈɡesi]	siguesses, foguesses1 [siˈɡeses], [fuˈɡeses]	siguesse, foguesse1 [siˈɡese], [fuˈɡese]	siguessiam2, foguessiam1, 2, siguessèm, foguessèm1 [siɡeˈsjãŋ], [fuɡeˈsjãŋ], [siɡeˈsɛ̃ŋ], [fuɡeˈsɛ̃ŋ]	siguessiatz2, foguessiatz1, 2, siguessètz, foguessètz1 [siɡeˈsjas], [fuɡeˈsjas], [siɡeˈsɛs], [fuɡeˈsɛs]	siguesson, foguesson1 [siˈɡesu(ŋ)], [fuˈɡesu(ŋ)]
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of èstre + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of èstre + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nautres	vautres	—
			sigue [ˈsiɡe]		siguem [siˈɡẽŋ]	siguetz [siˈɡes]	1Obsolete or literary. 2Attested rarely in the upper Tinée valley (06).
1 : archaic 2 : formal

    País mentonasc

		simple			compound
infinitive		èstre, èsser [ˈɛʃtʀe], [ˈɛse]			èstre estagut, estat [(e)ʃtaˈɡy], [(e)ˈʃta]
gerund		estènt [(e)ʃˈtɛ̃ŋ]			use gerund of èstre + past participle
past participle		estagut, estat [(e)ʃtaˈɡy], [(e)ˈʃta]			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	eu, ela	nautres	vautres	elu, eli
	present	sú [ˈsy]	siás [ˈsjɛs], [ˈsjes]	es [ˈes]	sèm [ˈsɛ̃ŋ]	sètz [ˈsɛs]	son [ˈsũŋ]
	imperfect	èra [ˈɛ(ɹ)a]	èras [ˈɛ(ɹ)as]	èra [ˈɛ(ɹ)a]	eravam, eravavam [e(ɹ)aˈvãŋ], [e(ɹ)avaˈvãŋ]	eravatz, eravavatz [e.(ɹ)a.ˈvas], [e(ɹ)avaˈvas]	èran [ˈɛ(ɹ)ãŋ]
	preterite1	siguèri [siˈɡɛ(ɹ)i]	siguères [siˈɡɛ(ɹ)es]	siguèt [siˈɡɛ]	sigueriam [siɡeˈ(ɹ)jãŋ]	sigueriatz [siɡeˈ(ɹ)jas]	siguèron [siˈɡɛ(ɹ)ũŋ]
	future	serai [seˈ(ɹ)ai̯]	seràs [seˈ(ɹ)as]	serà [seˈ(ɹ)a]	serèm [seˈ(ɹ)ẽŋ]	serètz [seˈ(ɹ)es]	seràn [seˈ(ɹ)ãŋ]
	conditional	seria [seˈ(ɹ)ija]	serias [seˈ(ɹ)ijas]	seria [seˈ(ɹ)ija]	seriavam [se(ɹ)jaˈvãŋ]	seriavatz [se(ɹ)jaˈvas]	serian [seˈ(ɹ)ijãŋ]
	conditional 2nd form2
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of èstre + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of èstre + past participle
	past anterior1	use the preterite tense of èstre + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of èstre + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of èstre + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que eu, ela	que nautres	que vautres	que elu, eli
	present	sigue, siga [ˈsiɡe], [ˈsiɡa]	sigues, sigas [ˈsiɡes], [ˈsiɡas]	sigue, siga [ˈsiɡe], [ˈsiɡa]	siguem [siˈɡẽŋ]	siguetz [siˈɡes]	sigon, sìgan [ˈsiɡũŋ], [ˈsiɡãŋ]
	imperfect	siguèssa, fossa1 [siˈɡɛsa], [ˈfusa]	siguèssas, fossas1 [siˈɡɛsas], [ˈfusas]	siguèssa, fossa1 [siˈɡɛsa], [ˈfusa]	siguessam, siguessavam [siɡeˈsãŋ], [siɡesaˈvãŋ]	siguessatz, siguessavatz [siɡeˈsas], [siɡesaˈvas]	siguèssan, fóssan1 [siˈɡɛsãŋ], [ˈfusãŋ]
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of èstre + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of èstre + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nautres	vautres	—
			sigue [ˈsiɡe]		siguem [siˈɡẽŋ]	siguetz [siˈɡes]	1Obsolete or literary. 2Attested rarely in the upper Tinée valley (06).
1 : Castillon

    País grassenc

		simple			compound
infinitive		èstre [ˈɛstʀe]			èstre estat [(e)stˈa]
gerund		estènt [(e)stˈɛ̃ŋ]			use gerund of èstre + past participle
past participle		estat [(e)stˈa]			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	eu, ela	nautres	vautres	elu, eli
	present	siáu [sjˈeu̯]	siás [sjˈɛs], [sjˈes]̙	es [ˈes]	siam [sjˈãŋ]	siatz [sjˈas]	son [sˈũŋ]
	imperfect	èri [ˈɛɾi]	èras [ˈɛɾɔs]	èra [ˈɛɾɔ]	eriam [eɾjˈãŋ]	eriatz [eɾjˈas]	èran [ˈɛɾɔ̃ŋ]
	preterite1	siguèri [siɡˈɛɾi]	siguères [siɡˈɛɾes]	siguèt [siɡˈɛ]	sigueriam [siɡeɾjˈãŋ]	sigueriatz [siɡeɾjˈas]	siguèron [siɡˈɛɾũŋ]
	future	serai [seɾˈai̯]	seràs [seɾˈas]	serà [seɾˈa]	serèm [seɾˈẽŋ]	serètz [seɾˈes]	seràn [seɾˈãŋ]
	conditional	seriáu [seɾjˈeu̯]	seriás [seɾjˈɛs]	seriá [seɾjˈɛ]	seriam [seɾjˈãŋ]	seriatz [seɾjˈas]	serián [seɾjˈɛ̃ŋ]
	conditional 2nd form2
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of èstre + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of èstre + past participle
	past anterior1	use the preterite tense of èstre + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of èstre + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of èstre + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que eu, ela	que nautres	que vautres	que elu, eli
	present	siègui [sjˈɛɡi]	siègues [sjˈɛɡes]	siègue [sjˈɛɡe]	siguem [siɡˈẽŋ]	siguetz [siɡˈes]	siègon [sjˈɛɡũŋ]
	imperfect	siguèssi [siɡˈɛsi]	siguèsses [siɡˈɛses]	siguèsse [siɡˈɛse]	siguessiam [siɡesjˈãŋ]	siguessiatz [siɡesjˈas]	siguèsson [siɡˈɛsũŋ]
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of èstre + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of èstre + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nautres	vautres	—
			sigue [sˈiɡe]		siguem [siɡˈẽŋ]	siguetz [siɡˈes]	1Obsolete or literary. 2Attested rarely in the upper Tinée valley (06).

Noun

èstre m (plural èstres)

1. alternative form of èsser