écorcer
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French escorcier, a derivative of écorce (“bark”) + -er. Distantly related to écorcher.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /e.kɔʁ.se/
Audio (France (Vosges)): (file) Audio (France (Lyon)): (file) Audio (France (Lyon)): (file) Audio (France (Somain)): (file)
Verb
[edit]écorcer
Conjugation
[edit]This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.
Conjugation of écorcer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | écorcer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | écorçant /e.kɔʁ.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | écorcé /e.kɔʁ.se/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | écorce /e.kɔʁs/ |
écorces /e.kɔʁs/ |
écorce /e.kɔʁs/ |
écorçons /e.kɔʁ.sɔ̃/ |
écorcez /e.kɔʁ.se/ |
écorcent /e.kɔʁs/ |
| imperfect | écorçais /e.kɔʁ.sɛ/ |
écorçais /e.kɔʁ.sɛ/ |
écorçait /e.kɔʁ.sɛ/ |
écorcions /e.kɔʁ.sjɔ̃/ |
écorciez /e.kɔʁ.sje/ |
écorçaient /e.kɔʁ.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | écorçai /e.kɔʁ.se/ |
écorças /e.kɔʁ.sa/ |
écorça /e.kɔʁ.sa/ |
écorçâmes /e.kɔʁ.sam/ |
écorçâtes /e.kɔʁ.sat/ |
écorcèrent /e.kɔʁ.sɛʁ/ | |
| future | écorcerai /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁe/ |
écorceras /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁa/ |
écorcera /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁa/ |
écorcerons /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ |
écorcerez /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁe/ |
écorceront /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | écorcerais /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
écorcerais /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
écorcerait /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
écorcerions /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
écorceriez /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁje/ |
écorceraient /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | écorce /e.kɔʁs/ |
écorces /e.kɔʁs/ |
écorce /e.kɔʁs/ |
écorcions /e.kɔʁ.sjɔ̃/ |
écorciez /e.kɔʁ.sje/ |
écorcent /e.kɔʁs/ |
| imperfect2 | écorçasse /e.kɔʁ.sas/ |
écorçasses /e.kɔʁ.sas/ |
écorçât /e.kɔʁ.sa/ |
écorçassions /e.kɔʁ.sa.sjɔ̃/ |
écorçassiez /e.kɔʁ.sa.sje/ |
écorçassent /e.kɔʁ.sas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | écorce /e.kɔʁs/ |
— | écorçons /e.kɔʁ.sɔ̃/ |
écorcez /e.kɔʁ.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “écorcer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012