éicen
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Old Irish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *ankenā (“force, necessity”), whence also Welsh angen, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach, attain”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀνάγκη (anánkē, “force, necessity”), Old Armenian անքատ (ankʻat, “necessitous”), Tocharian B eṅk- (“take control of”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]éicen f (genitive éicne)
- force, necessity
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 14d3
- cid écen aisndís do neuch as doruid co léir, ní sechmalfaider cuimre and dano
- though it is necessary (lit. “though it is a necessity”) to explain carefully anything that is difficult, however brevity will not be passed by
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 207b11
- Cit comṡuidigthi la Grécu ní écen dúnni beta comṡuidigthi linn.
- Although they are compounds in Greek (lit. “with the Greeks”), it is not necessary (lit. “it is not a necessity”) for us that they be compounds in our language (lit. “with us”).
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 14d3
Declension
[edit]Feminine ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | éicenL | éicinL | éicneaH |
Vocative | éicenL | éicinL | éicneaH |
Accusative | éicinN | éicinL | éicneaH |
Genitive | éicneH | éicenL | éicenN |
Dative | éicinL | éicnib | éicnib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Descendants
[edit]Mutation
[edit]Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
éicen (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) |
unchanged | n-éicen |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
[edit]- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “éicen”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Categories:
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂neḱ-
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish nouns
- Old Irish feminine nouns
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish ā-stem nouns