îegûak

Old Tupi

Etymology

Cognate with Guaraní jegua.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jɛ.ˈwak], [ʒɛ.ˈwak]
• Rhymes: -ak
• Hyphenation: îe‧gûak

Verb

îegûak (first-person singular active indicative aîegûak, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîegûaki, first-person singular gerund gûiîegûaka, noun îegûaka) (intransitive)

1. to adorn oneself, to decorate oneself, to paint oneself
   • c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, pages 8, 10; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

     Moraçeyae ycatu
     yeguaca, yemopirãga
     çamõgi, yetimãguanga,
     yemouna, petimbu,
     caraimonha monhanga.
     Yemoirõ, morapiti,
     you, tapuija rara,
     aguaça, moropotara
     manhana, çiguaragi
     naipotari aba çejara.

     [Moraseîa é i katu,
     îegûaka, îemopiranga,
     samongy, îetymãgûanga,
     îemoúna, petymbu,
     karaimonhãmonhanga...
     Îemoŷrõ, morapiti,
     îo'u, tapuîa rara,
     agûasá, moropotara,
     manhana, sygûaraîy
     — n'aîpotari abá seîara.]

     The dance is what's good,
     adorning oneself, painting oneself red,
     smearing feathers, dyeing one's legs with urucu,
     painting oneself black, smoking,
     making spells...
     Getting enraged, slaughtering people,
     eating one another, capturing Tapuia,
     fornication, sensual desire,
     pimping, prostitution
     — I don't want anyone to stop these.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of îegûak (intransitive, consonant ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)

	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person exclusive	1st person inclusive	2nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative	aîegûak	ereîegûak	oîegûak	oroîegûak	îaîegûak	peîegûak
Permissive	t'aîegûak	t'ereîegûak	t'oîegûak	t'oroîegûak	t'îaîegûak	ta peîegûak
Imperative		eîegûak				peîegûak
Negative indicative	n'aîegûaki	n'ereîegûaki	n'oîegûaki	n'oroîegûaki	n'îaîegûaki	na peîegûaki
Negative permissive	t'aîegûak umẽ	t'ereîegûak umẽ	t'oîegûak umẽ	t'oroîegûak umẽ	t'îaîegûak umẽ	ta peîegûak umẽ
Negative imperative		eîegûak umẽ				peîegûak umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative	gûiîegûaka	eîegûaka	oîegûaka	oroîegûaka	îaîegûaka	peîegûaka
Negative	gûiîegûake'yma	eîegûake'yma	oîegûake'yma	oroîegûake'yma	îaîegûake'yma	peîegûake'yma
Causative
Indicative	aîmoîegûak	ereîmoîegûak	oîmoîegûak	oroîmoîegûak	îaîmoîegûak	peîmoîegûak
Permissive	t'aîmoîegûak	t'ereîmoîegûak	t'oîmoîegûak	t'oroîmoîegûak	t'îaîmoîegûak	ta peîmoîegûak
Imperative		eîmoîegûak				peîmoîegûak
Negative indicative	n'aîmoîegûaki	n'ereîmoîegûaki	n'oîmoîegûaki	n'oroîmoîegûaki	n'îaîmoîegûaki	na peîmoîegûaki
Negative permissive	t'aîmoîegûak umẽ	t'ereîmoîegûak umẽ	t'oîmoîegûak umẽ	t'oroîmoîegûak umẽ	t'îaîmoîegûak umẽ	ta peîmoîegûak umẽ
Negative imperative		eîmoîegûak umẽ				peîmoîegûak umẽ
Causative-comitative
Indicative	aroîegûak	ereroîegûak	ogûeroîegûak	orogûeroîegûak	îaroîegûak	peroîegûak
Permissive	t'aroîegûak	t'ereroîegûak	t'ogûeroîegûak	t'orogûeroîegûak	t'îaroîegûak	ta peroîegûak
Imperative		emoîegûak				peroîegûak
Negative indicative	n'aroîegûaki	n'ereroîegûaki	n'ogûeroîegûaki	n'orogûeroîegûaki	n'îaroîegûaki	na peroîegûaki
Negative permissive	t'aroîegûak umẽ	t'ereroîegûak umẽ	t'ogûeroîegûak umẽ	t'orogûeroîegûak umẽ	t'îaroîegûak umẽ	ta peroîegûak umẽ
Negative imperative		emoîegûak umẽ				peroîegûak umẽ
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	îegûaka
Negative	îegûake'yma
Causative-comitative
Affirmative	xe reroîegûaka	nde reroîegûaka	seroîegûaka	oré reroîegûaka	îandé reroîegûaka	pe reroîegûaka
Negative	na xe reroîegûaki	na nde reroîegûaki	na seroîegûaki	n'oré reroîegûaki	n'îandé reroîegûaki	na pe reroîegûaki
Circumstantial
Affirmative	xe îegûaki		i îegûaki	oré îegûaki	îandé îegûaki
Negative	xe îegûake'ymi		i îegûake'ymi	oré îegûake'ymi	îandé îegûake'ymi

Further reading

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “îegûak”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: the classical indigenous language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 167, column 2