îuká
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See also: Iuka
Old Tupi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *juka.[1] By surface analysis, îura (“neck”) + ká (“to break”).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]îuká (possessable)
- verbal noun of îuká
Verb
[edit]îuká (first-person singular active indicative aîuká, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîukáî, gerund îukábo, noun îuká) (transitive)
- to kill
- 1622, anonymous author, “Matar como quer”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 33; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:
- Aporojucâ.
- [Aporoîuká.]
- I kill people.
- to break
- Synonym: ká
- 1557, Hans Staden, chapter XXVI, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria] , part 2 (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page:
- De kange Juca eypota kurine […]
- [Nde akanga îuká aîpotá korine […] ]
- I'll want to break your head today.
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of îuká (transitive, Î-starting, oral vowel ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)
Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
Causative | îukaukar | |||||
Causative-comitative | eroîuká | |||||
Reflexive | îeîuká | |||||
Deverbals | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-ba'e | oîukaba'e | |||||
emi- | emiîuká/miîuká | |||||
-pyr(a) | i îukapyra | |||||
-sab(a) | îukasaba | |||||
-sar(a) | îukasara | |||||
Singular | Singular & Plural | Plural | ||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person exclusive | 1st person inclusive | 2nd person | |
Verbal forms | ||||||
Active | ||||||
Indicative | aîuká | ereîuká | oîuká | oroîuká | îaîuká | peîuká |
Permissive | t'aîuká | t'ereîuká | t'oîuká | t'oroîuká | t'îaîuká | ta peîuká |
Imperative | eîuká | peîuká | ||||
Negative indicative | n'aîukáî | n'ereîukáî | n'oîukáî | n'oroîukáî | n'îaîukáî | na peîukáî |
Negative permissive | t'aîuká umẽ | t'ereîuká umẽ | t'oîuká umẽ | t'oroîuká umẽ | t'îaîuká umẽ | ta peîuká umẽ |
Negative imperative | eîuká umẽ | peîuká umẽ | ||||
Nominal forms | ||||||
Infinitive | ||||||
Affirmative | îuká | |||||
Negative | îukae'yma | |||||
Gerund | ||||||
Affirmative | xe îukábo | nde îukábo | i îukábo | oré îukábo | îandé îukábo | pe îukábo |
Negative | xe îukae'yma | nde îukae'yma | i îukae'yma | oré îukae'yma | îandé îukae'yma | pe îukae'yma |
Circumstantial | ||||||
Affirmative | xe îukáû | i îukáû | oré îukáû | îandé îukáû | ||
Negative | xe îukae'ymi | i îukae'ymi | oré îukae'ymi | îandé îukae'ymi |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Antônio Augusto Souza Mello (2000 March 17) “Reconstruções Lexicais e Cognatos” (chapter III), in Estudo histórico da família linguística tupi-guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais (in Portuguese), Florianópolis: UFSC, page 168, line 3
- ^ Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “îuká”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 197, column 2
Categories:
- Old Tupi terms inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani
- Old Tupi terms derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani
- Old Tupi compound terms
- Old Tupi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Old Tupi/a
- Rhymes:Old Tupi/a/2 syllables
- Old Tupi lemmas
- Old Tupi nouns
- Old Tupi possessable nouns
- Old Tupi verbal nouns
- Old Tupi verbs
- Old Tupi transitive verbs
- Old Tupi terms with quotations
- Old Tupi terms with quotations from the Vocabulary in the Brasílica Language