îuká

See also: Iuka

Old Tupi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *juka. By surface analysis, aîura (“neck”) +‎ ká (“to break”).

Cognate with Guaraní juka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /juˈka/
• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: îu‧ká

Noun

îuká (possessable)

1. verbal noun of îuká

Verb

îuká (first-person singular active indicative aîuká, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîukáî, gerund îukábo, noun îuká) (transitive)

1. to kill
   • 1622, anonymous author, “Matar como quer”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 33; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

     Aporojucâ.

     [Aporoîuká.]

     I kill people.

2. to break

   Synonym: ká

   • 1557, Hans Staden, chapter XXVI, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria] , part 2 (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page:

     De kange Juca eypota kurine […]

     [Nde akanga îuká aîpotá korine […] ]

     I'll want to break your head today.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of îuká (transitive, Î-starting, oral vowel ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Causative	moîuká
Causative-comitative	eroîuká
Reflexive	îeîuká
Deverbals
-ba'e	oîukaba'e
emi-	emiîuká／miîuká
-pyr(a)	i îukapyra
-sab(a)	îukasaba
-sar(a)	îukasara
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person exclusive	1st person inclusive	2nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative	aîuká	ereîuká	oîuká	oroîuká	îaîuká	peîuká
Permissive	t'aîuká	t'ereîuká	t'oîuká	t'oroîuká	t'îaîuká	ta peîuká
Imperative		eîuká				peîuká
Negative indicative	n'aîukáî	n'ereîukáî	n'oîukáî	n'oroîukáî	n'îaîukáî	na peîukáî
Negative permissive	t'aîuká umẽ	t'ereîuká umẽ	t'oîuká umẽ	t'oroîuká umẽ	t'îaîuká umẽ	ta peîuká umẽ
Negative imperative		eîuká umẽ				peîuká umẽ
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	îuká
Negative	îukae'yma
Gerund
Affirmative	xe îukábo	nde îukábo	i îukábo	oré îukábo	îandé îukábo	pe îukábo
Negative	xe îukae'yma	nde îukae'yma	i îukae'yma	oré îukae'yma	îandé îukae'yma	pe îukae'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	xe îukáû		i îukáû	oré îukáû	îandé îukáû
Negative	xe îukae'ymi		i îukae'ymi	oré îukae'ymi	îandé îukae'ymi

Derived terms

• emiîuká
• i îukapyra
• îukasara
• îukaíb
• îukába
• îukásaba

 

Descendants

• Nheengatu: iuká
• → Portuguese: jucá