δόρυ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *dóru, from Proto-Indo-European *dóru. Cognates include Sanskrit दारु (dā́ru), Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎽𐎢𐎺 (d-a-ru-u-v /⁠dāruv⁠/) and Old English trēow (English tree). Also see δρῦς (drûs).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /dó.ry/ → /ˈðo.ry/ → /ˈðo.ri/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /dó.ry/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈdo.ry/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈðo.ry/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈðo.ry/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈðo.ri/

Noun

δόρῠ • (dóru) n (genitive δόρᾰτος); third declension

1. wood, tree, stem
2. spear shaft, spear, lance, pole, lance

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ δόρῠ; τοῦ δόρᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ δόρῠ tò dóru	τὼ δόρᾰτε tṑ dórate	τᾰ̀ δόρᾰτᾰ tà dórata
Genitive	τοῦ δόρᾰτος toû dóratos	τοῖν δορᾰ́τοιν toîn dorátoin	τῶν δορᾰ́των tôn dorátōn
Dative	τῷ δόρᾰτῐ tôi dórati	τοῖν δορᾰ́τοιν toîn dorátoin	τοῖς δόρᾰσῐ / δόρᾰσῐν toîs dórasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ δόρῠ tò dóru	τὼ δόρᾰτε tṑ dórate	τᾰ̀ δόρᾰτᾰ tà dórata
Vocative	δόρῠ dóru	δόρᾰτε dórate	δόρᾰτᾰ dórata
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of τὸ δόρῠ; τοῦ δόρᾰτος (Tragic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ δόρῠ tò dóru	τὼ δόρᾰτε tṑ dórate	τᾰ̀ δόρᾰτᾰ / δόρη / δοῦρᾰς tà dórata / dórē / doûras
Genitive	τοῦ δόρᾰτος / δορός toû dóratos / dorós	τοῖν δορᾰ́τοιν toîn dorátoin	τῶν δορᾰ́των / δορῶν tôn dorátōn / dorôn
Dative	τῷ δόρᾰτῐ / δορῐ́ / δόρει tôi dórati / dorí / dórei	τοῖν δορᾰ́τοιν toîn dorátoin	τοῖς δόρᾰσῐ / δόρᾰσῐν toîs dórasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ δόρῠ tò dóru	τὼ δόρᾰτε tṑ dórate	τᾰ̀ δόρᾰτᾰ / δόρη / δοῦρᾰς tà dórata / dórē / doûras
Vocative	δόρῠ dóru	δόρᾰτε dórate	δόρᾰτᾰ / δόρη / δοῦρᾰς dórata / dórē / doûras
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of τὸ δόρῠ; τοῦ δούρᾰτος (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ δόρῠ tò dóru	τὼ δούρᾰτε tṑ doúrate	τᾰ̀ δούρᾰτᾰ tà doúrata
Genitive	τοῦ δούρᾰτος toû doúratos	τοῖν δουρᾰ́τοιν toîn dourátoin	τῶν δουρᾰ́των tôn dourátōn
Dative	τῷ δούρᾰτῐ tôi doúrati	τοῖν δουρᾰ́τοιν toîn dourátoin	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν δούρᾰσῐ / δούρᾰσῐν toîsi(n) doúrasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ δόρῠ tò dóru	τὼ δούρᾰτε tṑ doúrate	τᾰ̀ δούρᾰτᾰ tà doúrata
Vocative	δόρῠ dóru	δούρᾰτε doúrate	δούρᾰτᾰ doúrata
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Irregular declension of δόρῠ; δουρός (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	δόρῠ dóru	δοῦρε doûre	δοῦρᾰ / δούρᾰτᾰ doûra / doúrata
Genitive	δουρός / δούρᾰτος dourós / doúratos	δούροιῐν doúroiin	δούρων doúrōn
Dative	δουρῐ́ / δούρᾰτῐ dourí / doúrati	δούροιῐν doúroiin	δούρεσσῐ / δούροις doúressi / doúrois
Accusative	δόρῠ dóru	δοῦρε doûre	δοῦρᾰ / δούρᾰτᾰ doûra / doúrata
Vocative	δόρῠ dóru	δοῦρε doûre	δοῦρᾰ / δούρᾰτᾰ doûra / doúrata
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• δουρικλυτός (douriklutós)/-κλειτός (-kleitós)
• δορυδρέπανον (dorudrépanon)

Descendants

• English: doru, dory
• Greek: δόρυ n (dóry, “spear”)

References

• “δόρυ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “δόρυ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “δόρυ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• δόρυ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• δόρυ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• δόρυ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “δόρυ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • army idem, page 40.
  • battle idem, page 65.
  • boat idem, page 87.
  • dart idem, page 195.
  • fight idem, page 318.
  • javelin idem, page 462.
  • lance idem, page 474.
  • plank idem, page 617.
  • ship idem, page 766.
  • spar idem, page 798.
  • spear idem, page 799.
  • warfare idem, page 964.
  • wood idem, page 987.

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Greek

Noun

δόρυ • (dóry) n (plural δόρατα)

1. (military) pike

Declension

Declension of δόρυ

	singular	plural
nominative	δόρυ •	δόρατα •
genitive	δόρατος •	δοράτων •
accusative	δόρυ •	δόρατα •
vocative	δόρυ •	δόρατα •

Related terms

• δρυς f (drys, “oak tree”)

See also

• ακόντιο n (akóntio, “spear”)