καρυόφυλλον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

By surface κάρυον (káruon, “nut”) +‎ φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”), but due to the meaning and similar terms of this meaning this is evidently an adaptation of a Semitic term from an Indian language, see Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ka.ry.ó.pʰyl.lon/ → /ka.ryˈo.ɸyl.lon/ → /ka.riˈo.fi.lon/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ka.ry.ó.pʰyl.lon/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ka.ryˈo.pʰyl.lon/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ka.ryˈo.ɸyl.lon/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ka.ryˈo.fyl.lon/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ka.riˈo.fi.lon/

Noun

κᾰρῠόφῠλλον • (karuóphullon) n (genitive κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλου); second declension

1. clove tree (Syzygium aromaticum)
2. its dried flower bud

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ κᾰρῠόφῠλλον; τοῦ κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κᾰρῠόφῠλλον tò karuóphullon	τὼ κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλω tṑ karuophúllō	τᾰ̀ κᾰρῠόφῠλλᾰ tà karuóphulla
Genitive	τοῦ κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλου toû karuophúllou	τοῖν κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλοιν toîn karuophúlloin	τῶν κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλων tôn karuophúllōn
Dative	τῷ κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλῳ tôi karuophúllōi	τοῖν κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλοιν toîn karuophúlloin	τοῖς κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλοις toîs karuophúllois
Accusative	τὸ κᾰρῠόφῠλλον tò karuóphullon	τὼ κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλω tṑ karuophúllō	τᾰ̀ κᾰρῠόφῠλλᾰ tà karuóphulla
Vocative	κᾰρῠόφῠλλον karuóphullon	κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλω karuophúllō	κᾰρῠόφῠλλᾰ karuóphulla
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• → Bulgarian: калофер (kalofer)
  • → Romanian: calomfir
• → Latin: caryophyllus
  • → Translingual: Caryophyllus
• → Classical Syriac: ܩܪܦܠܢ, ܩܪܦܠܘܢ

Further reading

• “καρυόφυλλον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• καρυόφυλλον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette