قرنفل

Arabic

sense 1

sense 2

Alternative forms

• قَرَنْفُول (qaranfūl)

Etymology

Imported from India. Compare Tamil கராம்பு (karāmpu), கிராம்பு (kirāmpu), കരയാമ്പ് (karayāmpŭ), ഗ്രാമ്പൂ (grāmpū), Sinhalese කරාබු (karābu), all meaning cloves. From the same source Ancient Greek καρυόφυλλον (karuóphullon), Amharic ቅርንፉድ (ḳərnəfud).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qa.ran.ful/, /qu.ran.ful/
• Rhymes: -ul

Noun

قَرَنْفُل or قُرَنْفُل • (qaranful or quranful) m

2. clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
   • 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi, “Poem #201”, in The Works of 'Abū al-Ṭayyib al-Mutanabbī, volume 3, Dār Al-Ma‘rifah, published 1978, pages 201–202:

     وَمَنْزِلٍ لَيْسَ لَنَا بِمَنْزِلِ / وَلَا لِغَيْرِ الْغَادِيَاتِ الْهُطَّلِ
     نَدِيِّ الْخُزَامَى ذَفِرِ الْقَرَنْفُلِ / مُحَلَّلٍ مِلْوَحْشِ لَمْ يُحَلَّلِ

     wamanzilin laysa lanā bimanzili / walā liḡayri l-ḡādiyāti l-huṭṭali
     nadiyyi l-ḵuzāmā ḏafiri al-qaranfuli / muḥallalin milwaḥši lam yuḥallali

     A place, which has never been a stop for us
     Nor anyone but the show'ring daybreak-clouds,
     With dewy lavenders, and fragrant cloves,
     Settled by the wildlife, and no one else.

4. pink, carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)

Declension

Declension of noun قَرَنْفُل (qaranful)‎; قُرَنْفُل (quranful)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	قَرَنْفُل‎; قُرَنْفُل qaranful‎; quranful	الْقَرَنْفُل‎; الْقُرَنْفُل al-qaranful‎; al-quranful	قَرَنْفُل‎; قُرَنْفُل qaranful‎; quranful
nominative	قَرَنْفُلٌ‎; قُرَنْفُلٌ qaranfulun‎; quranfulun	الْقَرَنْفُلُ‎; الْقُرَنْفُلُ al-qaranfulu‎; al-quranfulu	قَرَنْفُلُ‎; قُرَنْفُلُ qaranfulu‎; quranfulu
accusative	قَرَنْفُلًا‎; قُرَنْفُلًا qaranfulan‎; quranfulan	الْقَرَنْفُلَ‎; الْقُرَنْفُلَ al-qaranfula‎; al-quranfula	قَرَنْفُلَ‎; قُرَنْفُلَ qaranfula‎; quranfula
genitive	قَرَنْفُلٍ‎; قُرَنْفُلٍ qaranfulin‎; quranfulin	الْقَرَنْفُلِ‎; الْقُرَنْفُلِ al-qaranfuli‎; al-quranfuli	قَرَنْفُلِ‎; قُرَنْفُلِ qaranfuli‎; quranfuli

Descendants

• Maltese: qronfol
• → Aramaic:
  • Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קרונפול
  • Classical Syriac: ܩܪܢܦܘܠܐ
• → Dhivehi: ކަރަންފޫ (karan̊fū)
• → Israeli Hebrew: קרנפול
• → Persian: قرنفل (qaranfol) (see there for further descendants)
• → Swahili: karafuu
• → Yoruba: kànáfùrù, kànnáfùrù
• → Hausa: kanumfari
  • Nupe: kannáfùrù

References

• Gernot Katzer’s Spice Pages: Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum)
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886), Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 144
• Löw, Immanuel (1924), Die Flora der Juden‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 275–279
• Löw, Immanuel (1881), Aramæische Pflanzennamen‎^[2] (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, →DOI, page 355
• “КАРАМФЍЛ”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “karànfil”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Hijazi Arabic

قُرُنْفُل

Etymology

From Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡu.run.ful/, [ɡʊ.rʊɱ.fʊl]

Noun

قُرُنْفُل • (gurunful) m (collective)

1. carnation (flower)
2. clove (spice)

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qrun.ful/

Noun

قرنفل • (qrunful) m (collective)

1. carnation (flower)
2. clove (spice)

   Synonym: عود النوار (ʕūd en-nuwwār)

Ottoman Turkish

قرنفل

Alternative forms

• قرنفیل (karanfil)

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful, “carnation; clove”).

Noun

قرنفل • (karanfil) (definite accusative قرنفلی (karanfili), plural قرنفللر (karanfiller))

1. carnation, any Eurasian flowering plant of the species Dianthus caryophyllus, widely cultivated for its flowers

   Synonym: قرنفل چیچكی (karanfil çiçeği)

2. clove, a very pungent aromatic spice obtained from the unexpanded flower bud of the plant Syzygium aromaticum

   Synonym: قورو قرنفل (kuru karanfil)

Derived terms

• آرناود قرنفلی (arnavud karanfili, “sweet william”)
• آق قرنفل (ak karanfil, “white carnation”)
• قرنفل بوستانی (karanfil bostanı, “garden clove-balm”)
• قرنفل فدانی (karanfil fıdanı, “clove plant”)
• قرنفل كوكی (karanfil kökü, “root of the wood avens”)
• قرنفل مرشوش (“picotee”)
• قرنفل چیچكی (karanfil çiçeği, “carnation”)
• قرنفل یارپوزی (karanfil yarpuzu, “garden clove-balm”)
• قورو قرنفل (kuru karanfil, “clove”)
• هند قرنفلی (hind karanfili, “Indian carnation”)

Descendants

• Turkish: karanfil
• → Albanian: karafil
• → Bulgarian: каранфи́л (karanfíl), карамфи́л (karamfíl), карафи́ль (karafílʹ), ка́рафил (kárafil)
• → Macedonian: каранфил (karanfil), каранфилче (karanfilče)
• → Middle Armenian: ղարանֆիլ (ġaranfil), ղարանֆուլ (ġaranful)
  • Armenian: ղարանֆիլ (ġaranfil), ղարաֆիլ (ġarafil), խառանֆիլ (xaṙanfil), խարաֆիլ (xarafil), կանաֆիլ (kanafil)
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: кара̀нфил, каранфѝлић

  Latin script: karànfil, karanfìlić

Further reading

click to expand

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886), “قرنفل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 511
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “karanfil2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2422
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “قرنفل”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[3], Vienna: F. Beck, page 362b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “قرنفیل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[4] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 956
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Caryophyllum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[5], Vienna, column 157
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “قرنفل”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[6], Vienna, column 3679
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “karanfil”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “قرنفل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[7], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1448

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /qa.ran.ˈful/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qä.ɾäɱ.fʊ́l]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qä.ɾäɱ.fʊ́l]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [qä.ɾäɱ.fʊ́l]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [qä.ɾäɱ.fúl̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [qæ.ɹæɱ.fól̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [qä.ɾäɱ.fúl]

Readings
Classical reading?	qaranful
Dari reading?	qaranful
Iranian reading?	ġaranfol
Tajik reading?	qaranful

Noun

قرنفل • (qaranfol)

1. carnation (flower)
2. clove (spice)

Descendants

• → Adyghe: къэрмэфибл (qɛrmɛfibl)
• → Azerbaijani: qərənfil
• → Bashkir: ҡәләмфер (qələmfer), ҡәнәфер (qənəfer)
• → Kazakh: қалампыр (qalampyr)
• → Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: qerefîl, qerenfîl

  Central Kurdish: قەنەفِڵ (qenefill)

• → Kyrgyz: калемпир (kalempir)
• → Ottoman Turkish: قرنفل (karanfil) (see there for further descendants)

  > Turkish: karanfil (inherited)

• → Uyghur: قەرەنفىل (qerenfil), قەلەمپۇر (qelempur)
• → Uzbek: qalampir