νεῦρον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *snḗh₁wr̥ (“band, sinew”). Cognate with Latin nervus, English sinew, Sanskrit स्नावन् (snā́van, “tendon, muscle, sinew”), Old Armenian նեարդ (neard), and Avestan 𐬯𐬥𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆 (snāuuar^ə).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /nêu̯.ron/ → /ˈne.βron/ → /ˈne.vron/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /nêu̯.ron/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈnew.ron/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈne.βron/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈne.vron/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈne.vron/

Noun

νεῦρον • (neûron) n (genitive νεύρου); second declension

1. sinew, tendon
2. cord, of a slingshot, bowstring
3. strength, vigor
4. plant fiber
5. nerve
6. penis

Declension

Second declension of τὸ νεῦρον; τοῦ νεύρου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ νεῦρον tò neûron	τὼ νεύρω tṑ neúrō	τᾰ̀ νεῦρᾰ tà neûra
Genitive	τοῦ νεύρου toû neúrou	τοῖν νεύροιν toîn neúroin	τῶν νεύρων tôn neúrōn
Dative	τῷ νεύρῳ tôi neúrōi	τοῖν νεύροιν toîn neúroin	τοῖς νεύροις toîs neúrois
Accusative	τὸ νεῦρον tò neûron	τὼ νεύρω tṑ neúrō	τᾰ̀ νεῦρᾰ tà neûra
Vocative	νεῦρον neûron	νεύρω neúrō	νεῦρᾰ neûra
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

• νευρά (neurá)

Derived terms

• νεύρῐνος (neúrinos)
• νευροειδής (neuroeidḗs)
• νευρορρᾰ́φος (neurorrháphos)
• πολῠ́νευρον (polúneuron)

 

Descendants

• → English: neuro-, neuron
• → French: neuro-
• Greek: νεύρο (névro)
• → Russian: нейро́н (nejrón)

Further reading

• “νεῦρον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “νεῦρον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “νεῦρον”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• νεῦρον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• νεῦρον in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• νεῦρον in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • fibre idem, page 317.
  • muscle idem, page 547.
  • nerve idem, page 556.
  • sinew idem, page 777.