πυγμή

Ancient Greek

From Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“to punch”).^[1] Cognates include Latin pugnus, Lithuanian puši̇̀s, and Old English fyst (English fist). Compare πύξ (púx) and πεύκη (peúkē).

πῠγμή • (pŭgmḗ) f (genitive πυγμῆς); first declension

fist
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Joints 833
1. boxing
  - c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.669
a measure of length, the distance from the elbow to the knuckles (= 18 δάκτυλοι (dáktuloi), about 34 centimetres or 13+¹⁄₂ inches)
- ante 177 CE, Pollux, Onomasticon 2. 147, 158

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ πυγμή hē pugmḗ	τὼ πυγμᾱ́ tṑ pugmā́	αἱ πυγμαί hai pugmaí
Genitive	τῆς πυγμῆς tês pugmês	τοῖν πυγμαῖν toîn pugmaîn	τῶν πυγμῶν tôn pugmôn
Dative	τῇ πυγμῇ tēî pugmēî	τοῖν πυγμαῖν toîn pugmaîn	ταῖς πυγμαῖς taîs pugmaîs
Accusative	τὴν πυγμήν tḕn pugmḗn	τὼ πυγμᾱ́ tṑ pugmā́	τᾱ̀ς πυγμᾱ́ς tā̀s pugmā́s
Vocative	πυγμή pugmḗ	πυγμᾱ́ pugmā́	πυγμαί pugmaí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πυγμή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1254

“πυγμή”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“πυγμή”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“πυγμή”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
πυγμή in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
πυγμή in Pape, Wilhelm (1914), Max Sengebusch, editor, Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache‎^[1] (in German), 3rd edition, Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn
πυγμή in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
G4435 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[2], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- boxing idem, page 92.
- fist idem, page 323.
πυγμή, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011