τάφρος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰembʰ-; compare Old Armenian դամբան (damban, “tomb”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tá.pʰros/ → /ˈta.ɸros/ → /ˈta.fros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tá.pʰros/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈta.pʰros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈta.ɸros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈta.fros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈta.fros/

Noun

τάφρος • (táphros) f (genitive τάφρου); second declension

1. ditch, trench

Declension

Second declension of ἡ τᾰ́φρος; τῆς τᾰ́φρου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ τᾰ́φρος hē táphros	τὼ τᾰ́φρω tṑ táphrō	αἱ τᾰ́φροι hai táphroi
Genitive	τῆς τᾰ́φρου tês táphrou	τοῖν τᾰ́φροιν toîn táphroin	τῶν τᾰ́φρων tôn táphrōn
Dative	τῇ τᾰ́φρῳ têi táphrōi	τοῖν τᾰ́φροιν toîn táphroin	ταῖς τᾰ́φροις taîs táphrois
Accusative	τὴν τᾰ́φρον tḕn táphron	τὼ τᾰ́φρω tṑ táphrō	τᾱ̀ς τᾰ́φρους tā̀s táphrous
Vocative	τᾰ́φρε táphre	τᾰ́φρω táphrō	τᾰ́φροι táphroi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Related terms

• θάπτω (tháptō)
• τάφος (táphos)

Further reading

• “τάφρος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• τάφρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “τάφρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • ditch idem, page 243.
  • entrenchment idem, page 278.
  • moat idem, page 537.
  • trench idem, page 893.

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Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τάφρος (táphros).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈta.fros/
• Hyphenation: τά‧φρος

Noun

τάφρος • (táfros) f (plural τάφροι)

1. moat, fosse
2. large ditch, large trench
3. marine trench

   η τάφρος των Μαριανών ― i táfros ton Marianón ― Mariana Trench

Declension

Declension of τάφρος

	singular	plural
nominative	τάφρος •	τάφροι •
genitive	τάφρου •	τάφρων •
accusative	τάφρο •	τάφρους •
vocative	τάφρε •,  τάφρο •	τάφροι •

Synonyms

• όρυγμα n (órygma, “trench”)
• αυλάκι n (avláki, “irrigation ditch”)
• χαντάκι n (chantáki, “gutter, ditch”)