φάρυγξ
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- φάρυξ (phárux)
Etymology
According to Frisk an inherited Indo-European word for “throat, gorge”, cognate to Latin frūmen and Old Armenian երբուծ (erbuc), both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg- (“to use, enjoy”). Could be further related to φάραγξ (pháranx, “ravine, cleft, chasm, gully, abyss”) or φᾶρος (phâros, “cloth, cloak”).
Beekes pointed out that the prenasalized suffix -υγγ- (or -υγ-) argues for a Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 2 should be a valid language, etymology language or family code; the value "pregrc" is not valid. See WT:LOL, WT:LOL/E and WT:LOF. origin. Compare λάρυγξ (lárunx).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰá.ryŋks/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰa.ryŋks/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸa.ryŋks/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfa.ryŋks/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfa.riŋks/
Noun
φᾰ́ρῠγξ • (phárunx) f or m (genitive φᾰ́ρῠγος or φᾰ́ρῠγγος); third declension
Usage notes
- Primarily feminine, rarely masculine.
Inflection
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ, ἡ φᾰ́ρῠγξ ho, hē phárunx |
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγε tṑ pháruge |
οἱ, αἱ φᾰ́ρῠγες hoi, hai pháruges | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ, τῆς φᾰ́ρῠγος toû, tês phárugos |
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γοιν toîn pharúgoin |
τῶν φᾰρῠ́γων tôn pharúgōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ, τῇ φᾰ́ρῠγῐ tôi, têi phárugi |
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γοιν toîn pharúgoin |
τοῖς, ταῖς φᾰ́ρῠξῐ / φᾰ́ρῠξῐν toîs, taîs pháruxi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν, τὴν φᾰ́ρῠγᾰ tòn, tḕn pháruga |
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγε tṑ pháruge |
τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́ρῠγᾰς toùs, tā̀s phárugas | ||||||||||
Vocative | φᾰ́ρῠγξ phárunx |
φᾰ́ρῠγε pháruge |
φᾰ́ρῠγες pháruges | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ, ἡ φᾰ́ρῠγξ ho, hē phárunx |
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγγε tṑ phárunge |
οἱ, αἱ φᾰ́ρῠγγες hoi, hai phárunges | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ, τῆς φᾰ́ρῠγγος toû, tês phárungos |
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γγοιν toîn pharúngoin |
τῶν φᾰρῠ́γγων tôn pharúngōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ, τῇ φᾰ́ρῠγγῐ tôi, têi phárungi |
τοῖν φᾰρῠ́γγοιν toîn pharúngoin |
τοῖς, ταῖς φᾰ́ρῠγξῐ / φᾰ́ρῠγξῐν toîs, taîs phárunxi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν, τὴν φᾰ́ρῠγγᾰ tòn, tḕn phárunga |
τὼ φᾰ́ρῠγγε tṑ phárunge |
τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́ρῠγγᾰς toùs, tā̀s phárungas | ||||||||||
Vocative | φᾰ́ρῠγξ phárunx |
φᾰ́ρῠγγε phárunge |
φᾰ́ρῠγγες phárunges | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Descendants
See also
- λάρυγξ (lárunx)
Further reading
- “φάρυγξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φάρυγξ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- φάρυγξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- “φάρυγξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Frisk, Hjalmar (1960–73) Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 3 vols. Heidelberg.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Categories:
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension
- Ancient Greek nouns with multiple genders