цял

Bulgarian

Alternative forms

• цѣлъ (cěl) — Pre-reform orthography (1945)
• цел (cel) — Western dialects

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ilos

Proto-Balto-Slavic *káilas

Proto-Slavic *cě̑lъ

Old Church Slavonic цѣлъ (cělŭ)

Bulgarian цял

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic цѣлъ (cělŭ), from Proto-Slavic *cě̑lъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡sʲa̟ɫ]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian, l-vocalization):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɫ

Adjective

цял • (cjal)

1. entire, whole, all (the), full, intact, in one piece, complete, completed, unabridged

   Synonyms: непокътнат (nepokătnat), завършен (zavăršen), несъкратен (nesăkraten), пълен (pălen), подробен (podroben), щателен (štatelen)

2. real, regular, veritable

   Synonym: истински (istinski)

   • 1895, Алеко Константинов, Бай Ганьо‎^[1]:

     …наметна си той една белгийска мантия - и всички рекоха, че бай Ганьо е вече цял европеец.

     …nametna si toj edna belgijska mantija - i vsički rekoha, če baj Ganjo e veče cjal evropeec.

     he threw on a Belgian mantle - and everyone reckoned Bay Ganyo was now a veritable European.

Declension

Positive forms of цял

	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
indefinite	цял cjal	ця́ла cjála	ця́ло cjálo	це́ли céli
definite (subject form)	це́лият célijat	ця́лата cjálata	ця́лото cjáloto	це́лите célite
definite (object form)	це́лия célija

Comparative forms of цял

	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
indefinite	по́-ця́л pó-cjál	по́-ця́ла pó-cjála	по́-ця́ло pó-cjálo	по́-це́ли pó-céli
definite (subject form)	по́-це́лият pó-célijat	по́-ця́лата pó-cjálata	по́-ця́лото pó-cjáloto	по́-це́лите pó-célite
definite (object form)	по́-це́лия pó-célija

Superlative forms of цял

	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
indefinite	на́й-ця́л náj-cjál	на́й-ця́ла náj-cjála	на́й-ця́ло náj-cjálo	на́й-це́ли náj-céli
definite (subject form)	на́й-це́лият náj-célijat	на́й-ця́лата náj-cjálata	на́й-ця́лото náj-cjáloto	на́й-це́лите náj-célite
definite (object form)	на́й-це́лия náj-célija

Usage notes: This is the standard declension.

Positive forms of цял

	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
indefinite	цял cjal	ця́ла cjála	ця́ло cjálo	ця́ли cjáli
definite (subject form)	ця́лият cjálijat	ця́лата cjálata	ця́лото cjáloto	ця́лите cjálite
definite (object form)	ця́лия cjálija

Comparative forms of цял

	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
indefinite	по́-ця́л pó-cjál	по́-ця́ла pó-cjála	по́-ця́ло pó-cjálo	по́-ця́ли pó-cjáli
definite (subject form)	по́-ця́лият pó-cjálijat	по́-ця́лата pó-cjálata	по́-ця́лото pó-cjáloto	по́-ця́лите pó-cjálite
definite (object form)	по́-ця́лия pó-cjálija

Superlative forms of цял

	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
indefinite	на́й-ця́л náj-cjál	на́й-ця́ла náj-cjála	на́й-ця́ло náj-cjálo	на́й-ця́ли náj-cjáli
definite (subject form)	на́й-ця́лият náj-cjálijat	на́й-ця́лата náj-cjálata	на́й-ця́лото náj-cjáloto	на́й-ця́лите náj-cjálite
definite (object form)	на́й-ця́лия náj-cjálija

Usage notes: This is the declension common for the Eastern dialect area.

References

• “цял”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “цял”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010