նժդեհ

See also: Նժդեհ

Armenian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Armenian նժդեհ (nždeh).

Pronunciation

• (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [nəʒˈdeh]
• (Western Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [nəʃˈtʰeh]

Noun

նժդեհ • (nždeh)

1. person sojourning in a foreign country, stranger, emigrant; exile

Declension

i-type, animate (Eastern Armenian)

	singular	plural
nominative	նժդեհ (nždeh)	նժդեհներ (nždehner)
dative	նժդեհի (nždehi)	նժդեհների (nždehneri)
ablative	նժդեհից (nždehicʿ)	նժդեհներից (nždehnericʿ)
instrumental	նժդեհով (nždehov)	նժդեհներով (nždehnerov)
locative	—	—
	definite forms
nominative	նժդեհը/նժդեհն (nždehə/nždehn)	նժդեհները/նժդեհներն (nždehnerə/nždehnern)
dative	նժդեհին (nždehin)	նժդեհներին (nždehnerin)
	1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative	նժդեհս (nždehs)	նժդեհներս (nždehners)
dative	նժդեհիս (nždehis)	նժդեհներիս (nždehneris)
ablative	նժդեհիցս (nždehicʿs)	նժդեհներիցս (nždehnericʿs)
instrumental	նժդեհովս (nždehovs)	նժդեհներովս (nždehnerovs)
locative	—	—
	2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative	նժդեհդ (nždehd)	նժդեհներդ (nždehnerd)
dative	նժդեհիդ (nždehid)	նժդեհներիդ (nždehnerid)
ablative	նժդեհիցդ (nždehicʿd)	նժդեհներիցդ (nždehnericʿd)
instrumental	նժդեհովդ (nždehovd)	նժդեհներովդ (nždehnerovd)
locative	—	—

Adjective

նժդեհ • (nždeh) (superlative ամենանժդեհ)

1. sojourning in a foreign country

Declension

nominalized, i-type (Eastern Armenian)

	singular	plural
nominative	նժդեհ (nždeh)	նժդեհներ (nždehner)
dative	նժդեհի (nždehi)	նժդեհների (nždehneri)
ablative	նժդեհից (nždehicʿ)	նժդեհներից (nždehnericʿ)
instrumental	նժդեհով (nždehov)	նժդեհներով (nždehnerov)
locative	—	—
	definite forms
nominative	նժդեհը/նժդեհն (nždehə/nždehn)	նժդեհները/նժդեհներն (nždehnerə/nždehnern)
dative	նժդեհին (nždehin)	նժդեհներին (nždehnerin)
	1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative	նժդեհս (nždehs)	նժդեհներս (nždehners)
dative	նժդեհիս (nždehis)	նժդեհներիս (nždehneris)
ablative	նժդեհիցս (nždehicʿs)	նժդեհներիցս (nždehnericʿs)
instrumental	նժդեհովս (nždehovs)	նժդեհներովս (nždehnerovs)
locative	—	—
	2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative	նժդեհդ (nždehd)	նժդեհներդ (nždehnerd)
dative	նժդեհիդ (nždehid)	նժդեհներիդ (nždehnerid)
ablative	նժդեհիցդ (nždehicʿd)	նժդեհներիցդ (nždehnericʿd)
instrumental	նժդեհովդ (nždehovd)	նժդեհներովդ (nždehnerovd)
locative	—	—

References

• “նժդեհ”, in Žamanakakicʿ hayocʿ lezvi bacʿatrakan baṙaran [Explanatory Dictionary of Contemporary Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, 1969–1980

Old Armenian

Alternative forms

• նշդեհ (nšdeh)

Etymology

Borrowed from some Middle Iranian (probably Parthian) word, whose components go back to the Proto-Iranian preverb *niž- (“out”) and *dahyu- (“country, district, province”) (whence Persian ده (deh), Old Armenian դեհ (deh)). It is often said that this formation is not attested in any Iranian language, but Bailey points to an identical one in Sogdian [script needed] (nz-tyw, “exiled”).

Compare, with other preverbs: Avestan 𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬆-𐬛𐬀𐬵𐬌𐬌𐬎 (aṇtarə-dahiiu, “sojourning in the midst of the country”), 𐬁-𐬛𐬀𐬵𐬌𐬌𐬎 (ā-dahiiu, “domestic, inland”), Manichaean Middle Persian ʾwzdyẖ (uz-deh, “exiled”), Sogdian [script needed] (ʾz-tyw, “exiled”), etc.

Noun

նժդեհ • (nždeh)

1. person sojourning in a foreign country, stranger, emigrant; exile
   • 5th century, Bible, 1 Peter 1.1:

     Պետրոս, առաքեալ Յիսուսի Քրիստոսի, ընտրելոցդ՝ նժդեհից՝ որ ի սփիւռս Պոնտացւոց, Գաղատացւոց եւ Կապադովկեցւոց եւ Ասիացւոց եւ Բիւթանացւոց։

     Petros, aṙakʿeal Yisusi Kʿristosi, əntrelocʿd, nždehicʿ, or i spʿiwṙs Pontacʿwocʿ, Gałatacʿwocʿ ew Kapadovkecʿwocʿ ew Asiacʿwocʿ ew Biwtʿanacʿwocʿ.

     Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, To God's elect, exiles scattered throughout the provinces of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia.

   • 5th century, Bible, Psalms 38.13:

     Լուր, Տէր, աղօթից իմոց, ունկն դիր խնդրուածաց իմոց․ արտասուաց իմոց մի՛ լռեր․ պանդուխտ եմ ես առաջի քո, նժդեհ եւ անցաւոր որպէս ամենայն հարք իմ։

     Lur, Tēr, ałōtʿicʿ imocʿ, unkn dir xndruacacʿ imocʿ; artasuacʿ imocʿ mí lṙer; panduxt em es aṙaǰi kʿo, nždeh ew ancʿawor orpēs amenayn harkʿ im.

     Hear my prayer, O LORD, and give ear unto my cry; hold not thy peace at my tears: for I am a stranger with thee, a sojourner and traveller, as all my fathers were.

Declension

i-type

	singular		plural
nominative	նժդեհ (nždeh)		նժդեհք (nždehkʿ)
genitive	նժդեհի (nždehi)		նժդեհից (nždehicʿ)
dative	նժդեհի (nždehi)		նժդեհից (nždehicʿ)
accusative	նժդեհ (nždeh)		նժդեհս (nždehs)
ablative	նժդեհէ (nždehē)		նժդեհից (nždehicʿ)
instrumental	նժդեհիւ (nždehiw)		նժդեհիւք (nždehiwkʿ)
locative	նժդեհի (nždehi)		նժդեհս (nždehs)

Adjective

նժդեհ • (nždeh)

1. sojourning in a foreign country
   • Čaṙəntir [Miscellanies cited by NHB] 2:

     Փութայր յօտարութեանց նշդեհ կենցաղոյս անկանել ի գաւառն հայրենի։

     Pʿutʿayr yōtarutʿeancʿ nšdeh kencʿałoys ankanel i gawaṙn hayreni.

Usage notes

Ačaṙyan explains the difference between synonymous պանդուխտ (panduxt) and նժդեհ (nždeh) in that the second emphasises the sojourn in a foreign country, whereas the first the sojourn in a foreign dwelling, habitation. The two words translate in one passage Ancient Greek πάροικος (pároikos, “sojourner in another's house”) and παρεπίδημος (parepídēmos, “sojourning in a strange district”), respectively. The etymology of նժդեհ (nždeh) and the formation պանդխտանոց (pandxtanocʿ, “inn”) too point to this distinction.

Synonyms

• պանդուխտ (panduxt)

Derived terms

• նժդեհակից (nždehakicʿ)
• նժդեհանամ (nždehanam)
• նժդեհիմ (nždehim)
• նժդեհութիւն (nždehutʿiwn)

 

Descendants

• Armenian: նժդեհ (nždeh)
• Georgian: ნიშდეხი (nišdexi)

References

• Petrosean, Matatʿeay (1879) “նժդեհ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Awetikʿean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “նժդեհ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977) “նժդեհ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 449ab
• Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 176a
• Xačʿatryan, Lalik (2003) “նժդեհ”, in Grabari bacʿatrakan baṙaran (Jewabanoren tararžekʿ baṙer) [Explanatory Dictionary of Old Armenian (Morphologically Polysemantic Words)] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Zangak-97, →ISBN, pages 274–275
• Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 897