אויב

Hebrew

Root
א־י־ב (ʾ-y-b)
2 terms

Alternative forms

• אֹיֵב (defective spelling)

Etymology

Participle of אָיַב (“to hate, be hostile to”). Compare Ugaritic 𐎛𐎁 (ỉb, “enemy”).

Pronunciation

• (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /oˈjev/
• (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /oɪ̯.jeɪ̯v/
• (Sephardi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)oˈjev/
• (Syrian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʔoˈjeb/
• (Yemenite Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʔøˈjev/, /ʔeˈjev/
• (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʔoˈjev/
• (Biblical Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʔoːˈjeːb/, [ʔoːˈjeːβ]
• (Pre-Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʔoːˈjibu/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

אוֹיֵב • (oyév) m (plural indefinite אוֹיְבִים, singular construct אוֹיֵב־, plural construct אוֹיְבֵי־)

1. enemy

   Synonym: שונא (soné)

Declension

Declension of אוֹיֵב

	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
Number:	State:	form	Person:	singular		plural
				m	f	m	f
singular	indefinite	אוֹיֵב	first	אוֹיְבִי		אוֹיְבֵנוּ
	definite	הָאוֹיֵב	second	אוֹיֶבְךָ	אוֹיְבֵךְ	אוֹיֶבְכֶם	אוֹיֶבְכֶן
	construct	אוֹיֵב־	third	אוֹיְבוֹ	אוֹיְבָהּ	אוֹיְבָם	אוֹיְבָן
plural	indefinite	אוֹיְבִים	first	אויביי / אוֹיְבַי		אוֹיְבֵינוּ
	definite	הָאוֹיְבִים	second	אוֹיְבֶיךָ	אויבייך / אוֹיְבַיִךְ	אוֹיְבֵיכֶם	אוֹיְבֵיכֶן
	construct	אוֹיְבֵי־	third	אוֹיְבָיו	אוֹיְבֶיהָ	אוֹיְבֵיהֶם	אוֹיְבֵיהֶן

Related terms

• אָיַב (“to be hostile”)

References

• H341 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• "אויב" in the Noun Declension Tables of the Academy of Hebrew Language

Further reading

• אויב on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^he

Anagrams

• אבוי, אביו, איוב

Yiddish

Etymology

From Middle High German obe, from Old High German oba, from Proto-West Germanic *jabē, from Proto-Germanic *jabai (“when, if”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔɪ̯b/

Conjunction

אויב • (oyb)

1. if