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أدب

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: ادب and أدت

Arabic

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Etymology 1.1

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Root
د ء ب (d ʔ b)
2 terms

Probably back-formed singular from آدَاب (ʔādāb), a plural of the verbal noun دَأْب (daʔb), “persistence, perseverance”. (For the plural type, compare آبَار (ʔābār, wells), آثَار (ʔāṯār, revenges, retaliations), آرَاء (ʔārāʔ, views, opinions).

Various influences from Iranian at least for semantics are often claimed, surely inspired by some general idea of Abbasid cultural supremacy, and present Iranian patriotism hurt by the pervasiveness of Arabic-origin words in the Persian tongue.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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أَدَب (ʔadabm (plural آدَاب (ʔādāb))

  1. discipline
  2. courtesy
  3. civility
  4. literature, belles-lettres
    • 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi:
      أَنَا الَّذِي نَظَرَ الْأَعْمَى إِلَى أَدَبِي / وَأَسْمَعَتْ كَلِمَاتِي مَنْ بِهِ صَمَمُ
      ʔanā llaḏī naẓara l-ʔaʕmā ʔilā ʔadabī / waʔasmaʕat kalimātī man bihi ṣamamu
      I am the one whose literature can be seen (even) by the blind / And whose words are heard (even) by the deaf.
  5. politeness
  6. decency
  7. culture
Declension
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Declension of noun أَدَب (ʔadab)
singular basic singular triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal أَدَب
ʔadab
الْأَدَب
al-ʔadab
أَدَب
ʔadab
nominative أَدَبٌ
ʔadabun
الْأَدَبُ
al-ʔadabu
أَدَبُ
ʔadabu
accusative أَدَبًا
ʔadaban
الْأَدَبَ
al-ʔadaba
أَدَبَ
ʔadaba
genitive أَدَبٍ
ʔadabin
الْأَدَبِ
al-ʔadabi
أَدَبِ
ʔadabi
dual indefinite definite construct
informal أَدَبَيْن
ʔadabayn
الْأَدَبَيْن
al-ʔadabayn
أَدَبَيْ
ʔadabay
nominative أَدَبَانِ
ʔadabāni
الْأَدَبَانِ
al-ʔadabāni
أَدَبَا
ʔadabā
accusative أَدَبَيْنِ
ʔadabayni
الْأَدَبَيْنِ
al-ʔadabayni
أَدَبَيْ
ʔadabay
genitive أَدَبَيْنِ
ʔadabayni
الْأَدَبَيْنِ
al-ʔadabayni
أَدَبَيْ
ʔadabay
plural basic broken plural triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal آدَاب
ʔādāb
الْآدَاب
al-ʔādāb
آدَاب
ʔādāb
nominative آدَابٌ
ʔādābun
الْآدَابُ
al-ʔādābu
آدَابُ
ʔādābu
accusative آدَابًا
ʔādāban
الْآدَابَ
al-ʔādāba
آدَابَ
ʔādāba
genitive آدَابٍ
ʔādābin
الْآدَابِ
al-ʔādābi
آدَابِ
ʔādābi
Descendants
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Further reading
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  • Asbaghi, Asya (1988) Persische Lehnwörter im Arabischen[1] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 6–7
  • Guth, Stephan (2010) “Politness, Höflichkeit, ʾadab. A Comparative Conceptual-Cultural Perspective”, in Lutz Edzard, Stephan Guth, editors, Verbal Festivity in Arabic and Other Semitic Languages Proceedings of the Workshop at the Universitätsclub Bonn on January 16, 2009 (Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes; 72), Wiesbaden: Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft · Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 25–27 from 9–30

Etymology 1.2

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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أَدَّبَ (ʔaddaba) II (non-past يُؤَدِّبُ (yuʔaddibu), verbal noun تَأْدِيب (taʔdīb))

  1. to educate
  2. to correct, discipline, chastise
Conjugation
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Conjugation of أَدَّبَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَأْدِيب)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
تَأْدِيب
taʔdīb
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
مُؤَدِّب
muʔaddib
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
مُؤَدَّب
muʔaddab
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m أَدَّبْتُ
ʔaddabtu
أَدَّبْتَ
ʔaddabta
أَدَّبَ
ʔaddaba
أَدَّبْتُمَا
ʔaddabtumā
أَدَّبَا
ʔaddabā
أَدَّبْنَا
ʔaddabnā
أَدَّبْتُمْ
ʔaddabtum
أَدَّبُوا
ʔaddabū
f أَدَّبْتِ
ʔaddabti
أَدَّبَتْ
ʔaddabat
أَدَّبَتَا
ʔaddabatā
أَدَّبْتُنَّ
ʔaddabtunna
أَدَّبْنَ
ʔaddabna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أُؤَدِّبُ
ʔuʔaddibu
تُؤَدِّبُ
tuʔaddibu
يُؤَدِّبُ
yuʔaddibu
تُؤَدِّبَانِ
tuʔaddibāni
يُؤَدِّبَانِ
yuʔaddibāni
نُؤَدِّبُ
nuʔaddibu
تُؤَدِّبُونَ
tuʔaddibūna
يُؤَدِّبُونَ
yuʔaddibūna
f تُؤَدِّبِينَ
tuʔaddibīna
تُؤَدِّبُ
tuʔaddibu
تُؤَدِّبَانِ
tuʔaddibāni
تُؤَدِّبْنَ
tuʔaddibna
يُؤَدِّبْنَ
yuʔaddibna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أُؤَدِّبَ
ʔuʔaddiba
تُؤَدِّبَ
tuʔaddiba
يُؤَدِّبَ
yuʔaddiba
تُؤَدِّبَا
tuʔaddibā
يُؤَدِّبَا
yuʔaddibā
نُؤَدِّبَ
nuʔaddiba
تُؤَدِّبُوا
tuʔaddibū
يُؤَدِّبُوا
yuʔaddibū
f تُؤَدِّبِي
tuʔaddibī
تُؤَدِّبَ
tuʔaddiba
تُؤَدِّبَا
tuʔaddibā
تُؤَدِّبْنَ
tuʔaddibna
يُؤَدِّبْنَ
yuʔaddibna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أُؤَدِّبْ
ʔuʔaddib
تُؤَدِّبْ
tuʔaddib
يُؤَدِّبْ
yuʔaddib
تُؤَدِّبَا
tuʔaddibā
يُؤَدِّبَا
yuʔaddibā
نُؤَدِّبْ
nuʔaddib
تُؤَدِّبُوا
tuʔaddibū
يُؤَدِّبُوا
yuʔaddibū
f تُؤَدِّبِي
tuʔaddibī
تُؤَدِّبْ
tuʔaddib
تُؤَدِّبَا
tuʔaddibā
تُؤَدِّبْنَ
tuʔaddibna
يُؤَدِّبْنَ
yuʔaddibna
imperative
الْأَمْر
m أَدِّبْ
ʔaddib
أَدِّبَا
ʔaddibā
أَدِّبُوا
ʔaddibū
f أَدِّبِي
ʔaddibī
أَدِّبْنَ
ʔaddibna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m أُدِّبْتُ
ʔuddibtu
أُدِّبْتَ
ʔuddibta
أُدِّبَ
ʔuddiba
أُدِّبْتُمَا
ʔuddibtumā
أُدِّبَا
ʔuddibā
أُدِّبْنَا
ʔuddibnā
أُدِّبْتُمْ
ʔuddibtum
أُدِّبُوا
ʔuddibū
f أُدِّبْتِ
ʔuddibti
أُدِّبَتْ
ʔuddibat
أُدِّبَتَا
ʔuddibatā
أُدِّبْتُنَّ
ʔuddibtunna
أُدِّبْنَ
ʔuddibna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أُؤَدَّبُ
ʔuʔaddabu
تُؤَدَّبُ
tuʔaddabu
يُؤَدَّبُ
yuʔaddabu
تُؤَدَّبَانِ
tuʔaddabāni
يُؤَدَّبَانِ
yuʔaddabāni
نُؤَدَّبُ
nuʔaddabu
تُؤَدَّبُونَ
tuʔaddabūna
يُؤَدَّبُونَ
yuʔaddabūna
f تُؤَدَّبِينَ
tuʔaddabīna
تُؤَدَّبُ
tuʔaddabu
تُؤَدَّبَانِ
tuʔaddabāni
تُؤَدَّبْنَ
tuʔaddabna
يُؤَدَّبْنَ
yuʔaddabna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أُؤَدَّبَ
ʔuʔaddaba
تُؤَدَّبَ
tuʔaddaba
يُؤَدَّبَ
yuʔaddaba
تُؤَدَّبَا
tuʔaddabā
يُؤَدَّبَا
yuʔaddabā
نُؤَدَّبَ
nuʔaddaba
تُؤَدَّبُوا
tuʔaddabū
يُؤَدَّبُوا
yuʔaddabū
f تُؤَدَّبِي
tuʔaddabī
تُؤَدَّبَ
tuʔaddaba
تُؤَدَّبَا
tuʔaddabā
تُؤَدَّبْنَ
tuʔaddabna
يُؤَدَّبْنَ
yuʔaddabna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أُؤَدَّبْ
ʔuʔaddab
تُؤَدَّبْ
tuʔaddab
يُؤَدَّبْ
yuʔaddab
تُؤَدَّبَا
tuʔaddabā
يُؤَدَّبَا
yuʔaddabā
نُؤَدَّبْ
nuʔaddab
تُؤَدَّبُوا
tuʔaddabū
يُؤَدَّبُوا
yuʔaddabū
f تُؤَدَّبِي
tuʔaddabī
تُؤَدَّبْ
tuʔaddab
تُؤَدَّبَا
tuʔaddabā
تُؤَدَّبْنَ
tuʔaddabna
يُؤَدَّبْنَ
yuʔaddabna

Etymology

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Verb

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أدب (form I)

  1. أَدِبُّ (ʔadibbu) /ʔa.dib.bu/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of دَبَّ (dabba)
  2. أَدِبَّ (ʔadibba) /ʔa.dib.ba/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive/jussive of دَبَّ (dabba)
  3. أَدِبِّ (ʔadibbi) /ʔa.dib.bi/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of دَبَّ (dabba)