حسل

Arabic

Etymology 1

Freytag thought that since حَسَلَ (ḥasala) خَسَلَ (ḵasala) are tradited to mean “to repel, to propel vehemently, to cast off” just as سَخَلَ (saḵala) it would be the same word as سَخْل (saḵl, “offspring of a sheep or goat”). One has to add سِحْلِيَّة (siḥliyya, “lizard”), which also has metathetical forms in dialects and is itself judged post-classical, lacking in the Classical Arabic dictionaries unlike حِسْل (ḥisl). Semantic connection of it to سَحَلَ (saḥala, “to scrape off”) is difficult. Perhaps this and Middle Armenian խլէզ (xlēz, “lizard”) have to be ascribed to a colloquial Aramaic substrate related to חלד / ܚܠܕ (ḥlaḏ, “to crawl”) whence also Aramaic חוּלְדּא / ܚܘܠܕܐ (ḥuldā, “mole”) and thence Arabic خُلْد (ḵuld, “mole”) comes. In Neo-Armenian խլեզ (xlez) is also attested as a “slug”, which permits connecting Aramaic חְלָזֹונָא / ܚܠܵܙܘܿܢܵܐ (ḥəlāzōnā, “snail, slug”) whence Arabic حَلَزُون (ḥalazūn, “snail, slug”) is borrowed, itself formally corresponding to Jewish Literary Aramaic חִילִּיז, חִלִּיז (ḥillīz) which is translated as “cyst” and “one afflicted with an eye-disease called חֽלָּזֹון (hillāzōn, literally “slug”)”, of dubious vowelization and perhaps identical to the Syriac alternative form of the word for “snail, slug” shaped ܚܠܝܙܘܢܐ (ḥəlīzōnā); compare Classical Syriac ܚܰܠܳܕܺܝܬܳܐ (ḥalāḏīṯā, “gangrene”) and ܚܰܠܕܘܽܕܴܐ (ḥaləḏūḏā, “jerboa”) for the root use, Jewish Literary Aramaic חַלְּטָתָה, חַלְּטָתָא (ḥalləṭāṯā, “lizard”) for the variation.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħisl/

Noun

حِسْل • (ḥisl) m (plural أَحْسَال (ʔaḥsāl) or حُسُول (ḥusūl) or حِسْلَة (ḥisla) or حِسْلَان (ḥislān))

1. young of a spiny-tailed lizard, when it comes forth fresh from its egg and before it has fully hatched out (then it is called غَيْدَاق (ḡaydāq), then مُطْبِخ (muṭbiḵ), then خُضْرِم (ḵuḍrim), and an adult is ضَبّ (ḍabb))

Declension

Declension of noun حِسْل (ḥisl)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِسْل ḥisl	الْحِسْل al-ḥisl	حِسْل ḥisl
Nominative	حِسْلٌ ḥislun	الْحِسْلُ al-ḥislu	حِسْلُ ḥislu
Accusative	حِسْلًا ḥislan	الْحِسْلَ al-ḥisla	حِسْلَ ḥisla
Genitive	حِسْلٍ ḥislin	الْحِسْلِ al-ḥisli	حِسْلِ ḥisli
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِسْلَيْن ḥislayn	الْحِسْلَيْن al-ḥislayn	حِسْلَيْ ḥislay
Nominative	حِسْلَانِ ḥislāni	الْحِسْلَانِ al-ḥislāni	حِسْلَا ḥislā
Accusative	حِسْلَيْنِ ḥislayni	الْحِسْلَيْنِ al-ḥislayni	حِسْلَيْ ḥislay
Genitive	حِسْلَيْنِ ḥislayni	الْحِسْلَيْنِ al-ḥislayni	حِسْلَيْ ḥislay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَحْسَال‎; حُسُول‎; حِسْلَة‎; حِسْلَان ʔaḥsāl‎; ḥusūl‎; ḥisla‎; ḥislān	الْأَحْسَال‎; الْحُسُول‎; الْحِسْلَة‎; الْحِسْلَان al-ʔaḥsāl‎; al-ḥusūl‎; al-ḥisla‎; al-ḥislān	أَحْسَال‎; حُسُول‎; حِسْلَة‎; حِسْلَان ʔaḥsāl‎; ḥusūl‎; ḥislat‎; ḥislān
Nominative	أَحْسَالٌ‎; حُسُولٌ‎; حِسْلَةٌ‎; حِسْلَانٌ ʔaḥsālun‎; ḥusūlun‎; ḥislatun‎; ḥislānun	الْأَحْسَالُ‎; الْحُسُولُ‎; الْحِسْلَةُ‎; الْحِسْلَانُ al-ʔaḥsālu‎; al-ḥusūlu‎; al-ḥislatu‎; al-ḥislānu	أَحْسَالُ‎; حُسُولُ‎; حِسْلَةُ‎; حِسْلَانُ ʔaḥsālu‎; ḥusūlu‎; ḥislatu‎; ḥislānu
Accusative	أَحْسَالًا‎; حُسُولًا‎; حِسْلَةً‎; حِسْلَانًا ʔaḥsālan‎; ḥusūlan‎; ḥislatan‎; ḥislānan	الْأَحْسَالَ‎; الْحُسُولَ‎; الْحِسْلَةَ‎; الْحِسْلَانَ al-ʔaḥsāla‎; al-ḥusūla‎; al-ḥislata‎; al-ḥislāna	أَحْسَالَ‎; حُسُولَ‎; حِسْلَةَ‎; حِسْلَانَ ʔaḥsāla‎; ḥusūla‎; ḥislata‎; ḥislāna
Genitive	أَحْسَالٍ‎; حُسُولٍ‎; حِسْلَةٍ‎; حِسْلَانٍ ʔaḥsālin‎; ḥusūlin‎; ḥislatin‎; ḥislānin	الْأَحْسَالِ‎; الْحُسُولِ‎; الْحِسْلَةِ‎; الْحِسْلَانِ al-ʔaḥsāli‎; al-ḥusūli‎; al-ḥislati‎; al-ḥislāni	أَحْسَالِ‎; حُسُولِ‎; حِسْلَةِ‎; حِسْلَانِ ʔaḥsāli‎; ḥusūli‎; ḥislati‎; ḥislāni

Derived terms

• حُسَيْل (ḥusayl, “diminutive”)
• أَبُو حِسْل (ʔabū ḥisl, “adult spiny-tailed lizard”)
• ⇒? حِسَّل (ḥissal, “certain spurges”)

Further reading

• Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2012) Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band II: Materielle Kultur (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100/II) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 361–362 for سِحْلِيَّة (siḥliyya).
• Jawharīy s.v.
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “حسل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 380b
  • via Freytag, Georg (1830) “خسل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 487a compared from سَخْل (saḵl) at Freytag, Georg (1833) “سخل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[3] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 296a
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “حسل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, page 569
• Löw, Immanuel (1912) “Aramäische Lurchnamen”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete‎^[5] (in German), volume 26, page 147
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1904) Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[6] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 87

Etymology 2

Unknown, possibly an alteration of the name of the spiny-tailed lizard babies since due to the yellow colour of the flowers these could be designed as such.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħis.sal/

Noun

حِسَّل • (ḥissal) m (obsolete, rare)

1. certain spurges, Euphorbia palustris, Euphorbia esula; Euphorbia cyparissias
   • a. 1248, ابن البيطار [Ibn al-Bayṭār], الجامع لمفردات الأدوية والأغذية [De simplicibus medicinis opus magnum]:

     حسل: الرازي: يسمى باليونانية حسمى وهو بقل يشبه الصعتر الطويل الورق المعروف بالبرمر إلا أنه أعظم منه وأطيب رائحة فهو لذلك أجود للمعدة. قال صاحب الفلاحة: الحسمى هو الحسل يشبه الصعتر البستاني إلا أنه أغبر وهو أطول ورقاً من الصعتر، وفيه شيء يطول حتى ينطوي بعضه على بعض، ويطبخ مع الطعام ويؤكل نيئاً وهو يصلح المعدة ويطيب الجشاء ويصلح الطعام الفاسد فيها ويسرع إحدار الطعام ويطيب النكهة وقد يشفي من لدغة العقرب ونهشه الرتيل

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Declension of noun حِسَّل (ḥissal)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِسَّل ḥissal	الْحِسَّل al-ḥissal	حِسَّل ḥissal
Nominative	حِسَّلٌ ḥissalun	الْحِسَّلُ al-ḥissalu	حِسَّلُ ḥissalu
Accusative	حِسَّلًا ḥissalan	الْحِسَّلَ al-ḥissala	حِسَّلَ ḥissala
Genitive	حِسَّلٍ ḥissalin	الْحِسَّلِ al-ḥissali	حِسَّلِ ḥissali

Descendants

• → Old Italian: esula
  • → Middle French: esule

References

• Glessgen, Martin-Dietrich (1996) Die Falkenheilkunde des ‹Moamin› im Spiegel ihrer volgarizzamenti. Studien zur Romania Arabica (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie; 269/270)‎^[7] (in German), Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, page 748