خلد
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See also: جلد
Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Root |
---|
خ ل د (ḵ l d) |
3 terms |
Compare Hebrew חלד (khéled, “world, era”) and Ge'ez ኀለደ (ḫälädä, “to last long”).
Verb
[edit]خَلَدَ • (ḵalada) I (non-past يَخْلُدُ (yaḵludu), verbal noun خُلُود (ḵulūd))
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of خَلَدَ (I, sound, a ~ u, no passive (?), verbal noun خُلُود)
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
خُلُود ḵulūd | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
خَالِد ḵālid | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | خَلَدْتُ ḵaladtu |
خَلَدْتَ ḵaladta |
خَلَدَ ḵalada |
خَلَدْتُمَا ḵaladtumā |
خَلَدَا ḵaladā |
خَلَدْنَا ḵaladnā |
خَلَدْتُمْ ḵaladtum |
خَلَدُوا ḵaladū | |||
f | خَلَدْتِ ḵaladti |
خَلَدَتْ ḵaladat |
خَلَدَتَا ḵaladatā |
خَلَدْتُنَّ ḵaladtunna |
خَلَدْنَ ḵaladna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَخْلُدُ ʔaḵludu |
تَخْلُدُ taḵludu |
يَخْلُدُ yaḵludu |
تَخْلُدَانِ taḵludāni |
يَخْلُدَانِ yaḵludāni |
نَخْلُدُ naḵludu |
تَخْلُدُونَ taḵludūna |
يَخْلُدُونَ yaḵludūna | |||
f | تَخْلُدِينَ taḵludīna |
تَخْلُدُ taḵludu |
تَخْلُدَانِ taḵludāni |
تَخْلُدْنَ taḵludna |
يَخْلُدْنَ yaḵludna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَخْلُدَ ʔaḵluda |
تَخْلُدَ taḵluda |
يَخْلُدَ yaḵluda |
تَخْلُدَا taḵludā |
يَخْلُدَا yaḵludā |
نَخْلُدَ naḵluda |
تَخْلُدُوا taḵludū |
يَخْلُدُوا yaḵludū | |||
f | تَخْلُدِي taḵludī |
تَخْلُدَ taḵluda |
تَخْلُدَا taḵludā |
تَخْلُدْنَ taḵludna |
يَخْلُدْنَ yaḵludna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَخْلُدْ ʔaḵlud |
تَخْلُدْ taḵlud |
يَخْلُدْ yaḵlud |
تَخْلُدَا taḵludā |
يَخْلُدَا yaḵludā |
نَخْلُدْ naḵlud |
تَخْلُدُوا taḵludū |
يَخْلُدُوا yaḵludū | |||
f | تَخْلُدِي taḵludī |
تَخْلُدْ taḵlud |
تَخْلُدَا taḵludā |
تَخْلُدْنَ taḵludna |
يَخْلُدْنَ yaḵludna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اُخْلُدْ uḵlud |
اُخْلُدَا uḵludā |
اُخْلُدُوا uḵludū |
||||||||
f | اُخْلُدِي uḵludī |
اُخْلُدْنَ uḵludna |
Verb
[edit]خَلَّدَ • (ḵallada) II (non-past يُخَلِّدُ (yuḵallidu), verbal noun تَخْلِيد (taḵlīd))
- to make eternal, to make everlasting
- to perpetuate, to make immortal
- to make ineffaceable, to make unforgettable
- to remain, to stay, to abide, to linger
- to grow very old, to enjoy a long life, to be long-lived
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of خَلَّدَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَخْلِيد)
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَخْلِيد taḵlīd | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُخَلِّد muḵallid | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُخَلَّد muḵallad | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | خَلَّدْتُ ḵalladtu |
خَلَّدْتَ ḵalladta |
خَلَّدَ ḵallada |
خَلَّدْتُمَا ḵalladtumā |
خَلَّدَا ḵalladā |
خَلَّدْنَا ḵalladnā |
خَلَّدْتُمْ ḵalladtum |
خَلَّدُوا ḵalladū | |||
f | خَلَّدْتِ ḵalladti |
خَلَّدَتْ ḵalladat |
خَلَّدَتَا ḵalladatā |
خَلَّدْتُنَّ ḵalladtunna |
خَلَّدْنَ ḵalladna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُخَلِّدُ ʔuḵallidu |
تُخَلِّدُ tuḵallidu |
يُخَلِّدُ yuḵallidu |
تُخَلِّدَانِ tuḵallidāni |
يُخَلِّدَانِ yuḵallidāni |
نُخَلِّدُ nuḵallidu |
تُخَلِّدُونَ tuḵallidūna |
يُخَلِّدُونَ yuḵallidūna | |||
f | تُخَلِّدِينَ tuḵallidīna |
تُخَلِّدُ tuḵallidu |
تُخَلِّدَانِ tuḵallidāni |
تُخَلِّدْنَ tuḵallidna |
يُخَلِّدْنَ yuḵallidna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُخَلِّدَ ʔuḵallida |
تُخَلِّدَ tuḵallida |
يُخَلِّدَ yuḵallida |
تُخَلِّدَا tuḵallidā |
يُخَلِّدَا yuḵallidā |
نُخَلِّدَ nuḵallida |
تُخَلِّدُوا tuḵallidū |
يُخَلِّدُوا yuḵallidū | |||
f | تُخَلِّدِي tuḵallidī |
تُخَلِّدَ tuḵallida |
تُخَلِّدَا tuḵallidā |
تُخَلِّدْنَ tuḵallidna |
يُخَلِّدْنَ yuḵallidna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُخَلِّدْ ʔuḵallid |
تُخَلِّدْ tuḵallid |
يُخَلِّدْ yuḵallid |
تُخَلِّدَا tuḵallidā |
يُخَلِّدَا yuḵallidā |
نُخَلِّدْ nuḵallid |
تُخَلِّدُوا tuḵallidū |
يُخَلِّدُوا yuḵallidū | |||
f | تُخَلِّدِي tuḵallidī |
تُخَلِّدْ tuḵallid |
تُخَلِّدَا tuḵallidā |
تُخَلِّدْنَ tuḵallidna |
يُخَلِّدْنَ yuḵallidna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | خَلِّدْ ḵallid |
خَلِّدَا ḵallidā |
خَلِّدُوا ḵallidū |
||||||||
f | خَلِّدِي ḵallidī |
خَلِّدْنَ ḵallidna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | خُلِّدْتُ ḵullidtu |
خُلِّدْتَ ḵullidta |
خُلِّدَ ḵullida |
خُلِّدْتُمَا ḵullidtumā |
خُلِّدَا ḵullidā |
خُلِّدْنَا ḵullidnā |
خُلِّدْتُمْ ḵullidtum |
خُلِّدُوا ḵullidū | |||
f | خُلِّدْتِ ḵullidti |
خُلِّدَتْ ḵullidat |
خُلِّدَتَا ḵullidatā |
خُلِّدْتُنَّ ḵullidtunna |
خُلِّدْنَ ḵullidna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُخَلَّدُ ʔuḵalladu |
تُخَلَّدُ tuḵalladu |
يُخَلَّدُ yuḵalladu |
تُخَلَّدَانِ tuḵalladāni |
يُخَلَّدَانِ yuḵalladāni |
نُخَلَّدُ nuḵalladu |
تُخَلَّدُونَ tuḵalladūna |
يُخَلَّدُونَ yuḵalladūna | |||
f | تُخَلَّدِينَ tuḵalladīna |
تُخَلَّدُ tuḵalladu |
تُخَلَّدَانِ tuḵalladāni |
تُخَلَّدْنَ tuḵalladna |
يُخَلَّدْنَ yuḵalladna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُخَلَّدَ ʔuḵallada |
تُخَلَّدَ tuḵallada |
يُخَلَّدَ yuḵallada |
تُخَلَّدَا tuḵalladā |
يُخَلَّدَا yuḵalladā |
نُخَلَّدَ nuḵallada |
تُخَلَّدُوا tuḵalladū |
يُخَلَّدُوا yuḵalladū | |||
f | تُخَلَّدِي tuḵalladī |
تُخَلَّدَ tuḵallada |
تُخَلَّدَا tuḵalladā |
تُخَلَّدْنَ tuḵalladna |
يُخَلَّدْنَ yuḵalladna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُخَلَّدْ ʔuḵallad |
تُخَلَّدْ tuḵallad |
يُخَلَّدْ yuḵallad |
تُخَلَّدَا tuḵalladā |
يُخَلَّدَا yuḵalladā |
نُخَلَّدْ nuḵallad |
تُخَلَّدُوا tuḵalladū |
يُخَلَّدُوا yuḵalladū | |||
f | تُخَلَّدِي tuḵalladī |
تُخَلَّدْ tuḵallad |
تُخَلَّدَا tuḵalladā |
تُخَلَّدْنَ tuḵalladna |
يُخَلَّدْنَ yuḵalladna |
Noun
[edit]خُلْد • (ḵuld) m
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun خُلْد (ḵuld)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Aramaic חוּלְדּא / ܚܘܠܕܐ (ḥuldā, “mole”).[1] Compare Hebrew חולד (khóled).
Noun
[edit]خُلْد • (ḵuld) m (plural خِلْدَان (ḵildān) or مَنَاجِذ (manājiḏ))[2][3][4][5]
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun خُلْد (ḵuld)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | خُلْد ḵuld |
الْخُلْد al-ḵuld |
خُلْد ḵuld |
Nominative | خُلْدٌ ḵuldun |
الْخُلْدُ al-ḵuldu |
خُلْدُ ḵuldu |
Accusative | خُلْدًا ḵuldan |
الْخُلْدَ al-ḵulda |
خُلْدَ ḵulda |
Genitive | خُلْدٍ ḵuldin |
الْخُلْدِ al-ḵuldi |
خُلْدِ ḵuldi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | خُلْدَيْن ḵuldayn |
الْخُلْدَيْن al-ḵuldayn |
خُلْدَيْ ḵulday |
Nominative | خُلْدَانِ ḵuldāni |
الْخُلْدَانِ al-ḵuldāni |
خُلْدَا ḵuldā |
Accusative | خُلْدَيْنِ ḵuldayni |
الْخُلْدَيْنِ al-ḵuldayni |
خُلْدَيْ ḵulday |
Genitive | خُلْدَيْنِ ḵuldayni |
الْخُلْدَيْنِ al-ḵuldayni |
خُلْدَيْ ḵulday |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | خِلْدَان ḵildān |
الْخِلْدَان al-ḵildān |
خِلْدَان ḵildān |
Nominative | خِلْدَانٌ ḵildānun |
الْخِلْدَانُ al-ḵildānu |
خِلْدَانُ ḵildānu |
Accusative | خِلْدَانًا ḵildānan |
الْخِلْدَانَ al-ḵildāna |
خِلْدَانَ ḵildāna |
Genitive | خِلْدَانٍ ḵildānin |
الْخِلْدَانِ al-ḵildāni |
خِلْدَانِ ḵildāni |
Etymology 3
[edit]Noun
[edit]خَلَد • (ḵalad) m (plural أَخْلَاد (ʔaḵlād))
- mind, heart, spirit, temper
- a. 965, Al-Mutanabbī, chapter 69, in ʔAbū al-Baqāʔ al-ʕUkbariyy, edited by Ibrāhīm al-Abyārī, Muṣṭafā as-Saqqā, and ʕAbd al-Ḥafīẓ Šalabī, ديوان أبي الطيب المتنبي بشرح أبي البقاء العكبري, volume 1, Beirut, Lebanon: Dār Al-Maʔrifah, published 1978, →OCLC, page 350, line 7:
- مَا دَارَ فِي خَلَدِ الْأَيَّامِ لِي فَرَحٌ / أَبَا عُبَادَةَ حَتَّى دُرْتَ فِي خَلَدِي
- mā dāra fī ḵaladi al-ʔayyāmi lī faraḥun / ʔabā ʕubādata ḥattā durta fī ḵaladī
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun خَلَد (ḵalad)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | خَلَد ḵalad |
الْخَلَد al-ḵalad |
خَلَد ḵalad |
Nominative | خَلَدٌ ḵaladun |
الْخَلَدُ al-ḵaladu |
خَلَدُ ḵaladu |
Accusative | خَلَدًا ḵaladan |
الْخَلَدَ al-ḵalada |
خَلَدَ ḵalada |
Genitive | خَلَدٍ ḵaladin |
الْخَلَدِ al-ḵaladi |
خَلَدِ ḵaladi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | خَلَدَيْن ḵaladayn |
الْخَلَدَيْن al-ḵaladayn |
خَلَدَيْ ḵaladay |
Nominative | خَلَدَانِ ḵaladāni |
الْخَلَدَانِ al-ḵaladāni |
خَلَدَا ḵaladā |
Accusative | خَلَدَيْنِ ḵaladayni |
الْخَلَدَيْنِ al-ḵaladayni |
خَلَدَيْ ḵaladay |
Genitive | خَلَدَيْنِ ḵaladayni |
الْخَلَدَيْنِ al-ḵaladayni |
خَلَدَيْ ḵaladay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَخْلَاد ʔaḵlād |
الْأَخْلَاد al-ʔaḵlād |
أَخْلَاد ʔaḵlād |
Nominative | أَخْلَادٌ ʔaḵlādun |
الْأَخْلَادُ al-ʔaḵlādu |
أَخْلَادُ ʔaḵlādu |
Accusative | أَخْلَادًا ʔaḵlādan |
الْأَخْلَادَ al-ʔaḵlāda |
أَخْلَادَ ʔaḵlāda |
Genitive | أَخْلَادٍ ʔaḵlādin |
الْأَخْلَادِ al-ʔaḵlādi |
أَخْلَادِ ʔaḵlādi |
References
[edit]- ^ Hommel, Fritz (1879) Die Namen der Säugethiere bei den südsemitischen Völkern als Beiträge zur arabischen und äthiopischen Lexicographie, zur semitischen Kulturforschung und Sprachvergleichung und zur Geschichte der Mittelmeerfauna. Mit steter Berücksichtigung auch der assyrischen und hebräischen Thiernamen und geographischen und literaturgeschichtlichen Excursen[1] (in German), Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, page 337, assumed it inherited from Proto-Semitic and there formed from the verb preceding חלד / ܚܠܕ (ḥlaḏ, “to grave or crawl in”) , in spite of this verb being present only in Aramaic and Mishnaic Hebrew, probably not knowing that Arabic Aramaisms can contain خ (ḵ), and with respect to the antiquity of the Hebrew cognate חֹלֶד (ḥōleḏ, “weasel, mole, mole-rat”) that verb is likely a Northwest Semitic extension of what is found in the Arabic root خ ل ل (ḵ-l-l) “to perforate”, Hebrew חָלַל (ḥālal, “to hollow out; to perforate”), Akkadian 𒄩𒆷𒈝 (ḫa-la-lum /ḫalālu/, “to creep in, to crawl in, to move quiet or stealthily”). Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 147–148 No. 108, follow Hommel’s assumption without reflection.
- ^ Al-Ḵalīl ibn Aḥmad Al-Farāhīdiyy (8th century) Mahdiyy Al-Makhzūmi, Ibrāhim Al-Samirra’iyy, editors, Al-Ayn (in Arabic), volume 4, دار ومكتبة الهلال, →OCLC, page 232: “وَٱلخُلْدُ: ضَرْبٌ مِنَ ٱلجُرْذَانِ عُمْيٌ، لَمْ يُخْلَقْ لَهَا عُيُونٌ، وَاحِدَتُهَا خِلْدَةٌ، وَٱلجَمِيْعُ خِلْدَانٌ ― wal-ḵuldu: ḍarbun mina l-jurḏāni ʕumyun, lam yuḵlaq lahā ʕuyūnun, wāḥidatuhā ḵildatun, wal-jamiyʕu ḵildānun”
- ^ ابن منظور. «خلد»، لسان العرب.
- ^ Fīrūzābādī (1834) Al-uqiyānūs al-basīt, 2nd edition, translated from Arabic into Ottoman Turkish by Aḥmad ʻĀṣim, Constantinople
- ^ Lane, Edward William (1863) “خلد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[2], London: Williams & Norgate, page 784b
Categories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root خ ل د
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic sound form-I verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs with past vowel a and non-past vowel u
- Arabic verbs lacking passive forms
- Arabic terms with quotations
- Arabic form-II verbs
- Arabic sound form-II verbs
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic terms borrowed from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Aramaic
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic suppletive nouns
- ar:Mammals