ح م ض

Arabic

Etymology

Cognate to Hebrew ח־מ־ץ (ḥ-m-ṣ) and Aramaic ח־מ־ע / ܚ-ܡ-ܥ (ḥ-m-ʿ).

Root

ح م ض • (ḥ-m-ḍ)

1. sour

Derived terms

• Form I: حَمُضَ (ḥamuḍa, “to be or become sour”)
  • Verbal noun: حُمُوضَة (ḥumūḍa)
  • Active participle: حَامِض (ḥāmiḍ)
• Form II: حَمَّضَ (ḥammaḍa, “to make sour”)
  • Verbal noun: تَحْمِيض (taḥmīḍ)
  • Active participle: مُحَمِّض (muḥammiḍ)
  • Passive participle: مُحَمَّض (muḥammaḍ)
• Form IV: أَحْمَضَ (ʔaḥmaḍa, “to become abundant in حَمْض (ḥamḍ); to give حَمْض (ḥamḍ) to eat”)
  • Verbal noun: إِحْمَاض (ʔiḥmāḍ)
  • Active participle: مُحْمِض (muḥmiḍ)
• Form V: تَحَمَّضَ (taḥammaḍa)
  • Verbal noun: تَحَمُّض (taḥammuḍ)
  • Active participle: مُتَحَمِّض (mutaḥammiḍ)

• حَمْض (ḥamḍ, “a term used by Bedouins for saline, mostly chenopodiaceous and zygophyllaceous plants; acid”)
• حُمُوضَة (ḥumūḍa, “acidity”)
• حُمَّاض (ḥummāḍ, “sorrel”)
• حَمْضَة (ḥamḍa, “eager desire”)
• حَمِيضَة (ḥamīḍa, “land abounding with حَمْض (ḥamḍ)”)
• مَحْمَض (maḥmaḍ, “a place where camels pasture upon حَمْض (ḥamḍ)”)

References

• Freytag, Georg (1830) “ح م ض”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 427a–b
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “ح م ض”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[2] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 492b–493a
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “ح م ض”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[3], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 644–645
• Mandaville, James Paul (2011) Bedouin Ethnobotany. Plant Concepts and Uses in a Desert Pastoral World, Tuscon: University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, pages 339, and especially 190–196