خ ط م

Arabic

Etymology

Augmented in Proto-Semitic (also found in Aramaic, Hebrew, Akkadian) from خ ط ط (ḵ-ṭ-ṭ), compare خَشْم (ḵašm) and خُرْطُوم (ḵurṭūm) for this augment.

Root

خ ط م • (ḵ-ṭ-m)

1. related to muzzles

Derived terms

• Form I: خَطَمَ (ḵaṭama, “to tie a rope to a camel's nose; to make a sign on a camel's nose, to brand on the fore part of the face; to strike the middle of the nose”)
  • Active participle: خَاطِم (ḵāṭim)
  • Passive participle: مَخْطُوم (maḵṭūm)
• Form II: خَطَّمَ (ḵaṭṭama, “to put the noseband on”)
  • Verbal noun: تَخْطِيم (taḵṭīm)
  • Active participle: مُخَطِّم (muḵaṭṭim)
  • Passive participle: مُخَطَّم (muḵaṭṭam)
• Form VIII: اِخْتَطَمَ (iḵtaṭama, “to put the noseband on; to cover one’s muzzle”)
  • Verbal noun: اِخْتِطَام (iḵtiṭām)
  • Active participle: مُخْتَطِم (muḵtaṭim)
  • Passive participle: مُخْتَطَم (muḵtaṭam)

• خَطْم (ḵaṭm, “muzzle”)
• خِطَام (ḵiṭām, “noseband”)
• خَطْمِيّ (ḵaṭmiyy, “marshmallow”)
• أَْخْطَم (ʔaḵṭam, “long-muzzled”)

References

• Corriente, F. (1997) A Dictionary of Andalusi Arabic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East; 29)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 161
• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 422–423
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “خ ط م”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[2] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 384
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “خ ط م”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[3] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 503
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “خ ط م”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 767–768
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “خ ط م”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[5] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 596–597
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “خ ط م”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 288
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “خ ط م”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[6] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 347