خرطوم

Arabic

Etymology

From the root خ ر ط م (ḵ r ṭ m). Compare Hebrew חַרְטוֹם (ḥarṭōm).

Noun

خُرْطُوم • (ḵurṭūm) m (plural خَرَاطِيم (ḵarāṭīm))

1. trunk (of an elephant), snout, muzzle, nose
2. ugly face
3. sucking pipe of a pump or similar
4. spout, nozzle
5. hose

Declension

Declension of noun خُرْطُوم (ḵurṭūm)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	خُرْطُوم ḵurṭūm	الْخُرْطُوم al-ḵurṭūm	خُرْطُوم ḵurṭūm
nominative	خُرْطُومٌ ḵurṭūmun	الْخُرْطُومُ al-ḵurṭūmu	خُرْطُومُ ḵurṭūmu
accusative	خُرْطُومًا ḵurṭūman	الْخُرْطُومَ al-ḵurṭūma	خُرْطُومَ ḵurṭūma
genitive	خُرْطُومٍ ḵurṭūmin	الْخُرْطُومِ al-ḵurṭūmi	خُرْطُومِ ḵurṭūmi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	خُرْطُومَيْن ḵurṭūmayn	الْخُرْطُومَيْن al-ḵurṭūmayn	خُرْطُومَيْ ḵurṭūmay
nominative	خُرْطُومَانِ ḵurṭūmāni	الْخُرْطُومَانِ al-ḵurṭūmāni	خُرْطُومَا ḵurṭūmā
accusative	خُرْطُومَيْنِ ḵurṭūmayni	الْخُرْطُومَيْنِ al-ḵurṭūmayni	خُرْطُومَيْ ḵurṭūmay
genitive	خُرْطُومَيْنِ ḵurṭūmayni	الْخُرْطُومَيْنِ al-ḵurṭūmayni	خُرْطُومَيْ ḵurṭūmay
plural	basic broken plural diptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	خَرَاطِيم ḵarāṭīm	الْخَرَاطِيم al-ḵarāṭīm	خَرَاطِيم ḵarāṭīm
nominative	خَرَاطِيمُ ḵarāṭīmu	الْخَرَاطِيمُ al-ḵarāṭīmu	خَرَاطِيمُ ḵarāṭīmu
accusative	خَرَاطِيمَ ḵarāṭīma	الْخَرَاطِيمَ al-ḵarāṭīma	خَرَاطِيمَ ḵarāṭīma
genitive	خَرَاطِيمَ ḵarāṭīma	الْخَرَاطِيمِ al-ḵarāṭīmi	خَرَاطِيمِ ḵarāṭīmi

Descendants

• Maltese: ħartum
• → Azerbaijani: xortum
• → Georgian: ხორთუმი (xortumi)
• → Greek: χαρτούμι (chartoúmi)
• → Ottoman Turkish: خرطوم
  • Turkish: hortum
  • → Romanian: furtun, hortum

References

• Haywood, J.A.; Nahmad, H.M. (1965), “خرطوم”, in A new Arabic grammar, 2^nd edition, London: Lund Humphries, →ISBN
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886), Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 164–165
• Lane, Edward William (1863-1893), “خرطوم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 724.
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “خرطوم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen, page 320
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “خرطوم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[2] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 330

Ottoman Turkish

خرطوم

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خُرْطُوم (ḵurṭūm, “trunk, proboscis”).

Noun

خرطوم • (hurtum or hortum) (definite accusative خرطومی (hortumu), plural خراطیم (haratim))

1. trunk, proboscis, the conspicuously extended, mobile nose-like organ of an animal such as the elephant

   Synonym: دوژ (duj)

2. hose, a flexible, hollow tube or pipe designed to convey water or other fluid from one location to another

Derived terms

• فیل خرطومی (fil hortumu, “water spout”)

Descendants

• Turkish: hortum
• → Romanian: furtun, hortum

Proper noun

خرطوم • (hartum)

1. Khartoum (the capital city of Sudan)

Descendants

• Turkish: Hartum

Further reading

• Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “hortum”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1987
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962), “hortum”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[3] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 448
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “خرطوم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[4] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 537
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Proboscis”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[5], Vienna, column 1364
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “خرطوم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[6], Vienna, column 1883
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “hortum”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “خرطوم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[7], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 840
• Sezen, Tahir (2017), “Hartum”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names]‎^[8], 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 333

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خُرْطُوم (ḵurṭūm).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /xur.ˈtuːm/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xʊɾ.t̪ʰúːm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xʊɾ.t̪ʰúːm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xʊɾ.t̪ʰúːm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xuɾ.t̪ʰúm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xoɹ.t̪ʰúːm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χuɾ.t̪ʰúm]

Readings
Classical reading?	xurtūm
Dari reading?	xurtūm
Iranian reading?	xortum
Tajik reading?	xurtum

Noun

خرطوم • (xurtūm / xortum) (Tajik spelling хуртум)

1. trunk (of an elephant)
2. proboscis

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “خرطوم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim